Science 112: Brian Saunders Intertidal Communities

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Science 112: Brian Saunders Intertidal Communities

Intertidal Stressors Water loss Heat balance Mechanical stress Respiration Feeding Salinity stress Reproduction

Resistance to Water Loss Behavior Enclosed body Seaweed tolerance

Resistance to Overheating Large body size Behavior Ridges and flutes Light color Water compartment Freezing is not as much of a problem

Resistance to Mechanical Stress Squat body form Streamline Flexible Sessile  thick shell Mobile  shelter

Respiration Water reserve Vascularized mantle Operculum Vascularized skin

Other Adaptations Feeding Salinity stress Reproduction Usually when submerged or at night Salinity stress Osmoconformers or use water reserve Reproduction Coordinated with tides (timing)

Intertidal Zonation Distinctive bands of organisms Found globally Causes?

Intertidal Zonation Distinctive bands of organisms Found globally Causes? Slope / exposure Emergence (critical tides?) Biological

Intertidal Zonation An organisms distribution boundary Upper limit set by physical tolerance Lower limit set by biological interactions

Biological Interactions What are the major ways species interact in the intertidal? Competition Predation Grazing Larval recruitment

Grazing and Zonation Grazers select tasty species Grazers have physical limits Grazers can affect algal morphology (bet-hedging)

Algal Morphology Mastocarpus species Foliose form Crustose form

Tide Pools Temperature, Salinity, Oxygen, Grazers

Washington l Thursday, July 10 2014 47°36.2'N122°20.4'W Marina Beach

Grazers on the Beach

Beach Hoppers

Idotea isopod

Periwinkle snails

The Limpets

The Chitons

Purple & Green Shore Crab

The hermit crabs

Predators on the Beach

The Whelks

Lewis’ Moon Snail

The Crabs

Worms

The Anemones

The Sea stars