Routing Information Protocol (RIP)

RIP Topics RIP features and limitations RIP v1 operation RIP metric RIP configuration Purpose: this figure states the chapter objectives. Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.

RIP Features and Limitations Simplicity in configuration and operation Standard, tested protocol Version 2 overcomes some issues Limitations Slow convergence Poor scalability Route metric calculation is not granular

RIP v1 Operation Broadcasts periodic updates to neighbors Update includes routes and metric for each route Summarizes at classful boundaries Receiving router adds routes with best metric to routing table

RIP Metric Hop count metric selects the path Maximum hops is 15 19.2 kbps T1 T1 Purpose: This figure presents general information about RIP. Emphasize: The figure shows a network. The arrows highlight the path RIP selects. RIP selects the best path based on shortest hop count so it ignores the path with the faster T1 links. Be sure that you do not disparage RIP. It was developed in a homogeneous network. If everything is connected via a single media type, then bandwidth-based metrics reduce to hop count. In some cases RIP is more appropriate than other protocols. It is extremely well tested. T1 Hop count metric selects the path Maximum hops is 15 Hop count of 16 indicates unreachable 5

RIP Timers update 30 seconds invalid 180 seconds flush 240 seconds hold down 180 seconds

RIP Configuration Router(config)#router rip Activates the RIP routing process on the router Purpose: This figure shows the dynamic routing configuration commands. Emphasize: The router command starts a routing process. Field descriptions are protocol—one of the following: RIP, IGRP, HELLO, OSPF, BGP, EGP autonomous system—used with protocols which require an AS such as IGRP and BGP. A proper understanding of these commands will avoid many problems in the labs. The network statement contains no subnetting information. Networks are directly connected and are specified as the major Class A, B, or C network numbers Transition: The next section describes the RIP routing protocol.

RIP Configuration Router(config-router)#network network-number Identifies interfaces to activate and networks to advertise Purpose: This figure shows the dynamic routing configuration commands. Emphasize: The router command starts a routing process. Field descriptions are protocol—one of the following: RIP, IGRP, HELLO, OSPF, BGP, EGP autonomous system—used with protocols which require an AS such as IGRP and BGP. A proper understanding of these commands will avoid many problems in the labs. The network statement contains no subnetting information. Networks are directly connected and are specified as the major Class A, B, or C network numbers Transition: The next section describes the RIP routing protocol.

RIP Configuration Router(config-router)#passive-interface s0 Passive-interface command prevents sending but not receiving Purpose: This figure shows the dynamic routing configuration commands. Emphasize: The router command starts a routing process. Field descriptions are protocol—one of the following: RIP, IGRP, HELLO, OSPF, BGP, EGP autonomous system—used with protocols which require an AS such as IGRP and BGP. A proper understanding of these commands will avoid many problems in the labs. The network statement contains no subnetting information. Networks are directly connected and are specified as the major Class A, B, or C network numbers Transition: The next section describes the RIP routing protocol.

RIP Configuration Example S2 S2 S3 S3 E0 172.16.1.0 192.168.1.0 A B C 172.16.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2 10.2.2.3 192.168.1.1 router rip network 172.16.0.0 network 10.0.0.0 passive-interface E0 router rip network 192.168.1.0 network 10.0.0.0 passive-interface E0 2.3.0.0 2.3.0.0 Purpose: The figure shows how the RIP commands operate on the example network. Emphasize: An administrator only specifies directly connected networks that he wishes to publish to other routers. Without the network command, nothing is advertised. With a network command, the router will advertise every subnet within the Class A, B, or C network specified in the configuration. router rip network 10.0.0.0

Verifying the Routing Protocol—RIP S2 S2 S3 S3 E0 172.16.1.0 192.168.1.0 A B C 172.16.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2 10.2.2.3 192.168.1.1 RouterA#sh ip protocols Routing Protocol is "rip" Sending updates every 30 seconds, next due in 0 seconds Invalid after 180 seconds, hold down 180, flushed after 240 Outgoing update filter list for all interfaces is Incoming update filter list for all interfaces is Redistributing: rip Default version control: send version 1, receive any version Interface Send Recv Key-chain Ethernet0 1 1 2 Serial2 1 1 2 Routing for Networks: 10.0.0.0 172.16.0.0 Routing Information Sources: Gateway Distance Last Update 10.1.1.2 120 00:00:10 Distance: (default is 120) Purpose: This figure shows how the show ip protocol command is used to monitor RIP operation. Emphasize: The command displays the routing protocols that are active on the router for IP. It also gives network and timer information. Point out the timing information. Point out the list of networks for which the router is injecting routes. Point out the administrative distance metric.

Displaying the IP Routing Table 172.16.1.0 192.168.1.0 A B C 172.16.1.1 10.1.1.1 10.1.1.2 10.2.2.2 10.2.2.3 192.168.1.1 RouterA#sh ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default U - per-user static route, o - ODR T - traffic engineered route Gateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 1 subnets C 172.16.1.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0 10.0.0.0/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets R 10.2.2.0 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2 C 10.1.1.0 is directly connected, Serial2 R 192.168.1.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial2 Purpose: This figure displays the show ip route command which displays the contents of the router’s IP routing table. Emphasize: Discuss the IP routing table in detail. Show the locations of hop count (metric) and the administrative distance (120). Discuss the following fields: R—Refers to routes learned from RIP. via—Refers to the router that informed us about this route. 00:00:07 timer value—RIP updates are every 30 seconds. Ask, “How long until the next update?” the interfaces to used for the best path

RIP v2 Enhancements Sends to 224.0.0.9 Sends mask – supports VLSM Supports authentication Purpose: this figure states the chapter objectives. Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.

RIP v2 Configuration Enables version 2 Router(config-router)# Version 2 Enables version 2 Purpose: This figure shows the dynamic routing configuration commands. Emphasize: The router command starts a routing process. Field descriptions are protocol—one of the following: RIP, IGRP, HELLO, OSPF, BGP, EGP autonomous system—used with protocols which require an AS such as IGRP and BGP. A proper understanding of these commands will avoid many problems in the labs. The network statement contains no subnetting information. Networks are directly connected and are specified as the major Class A, B, or C network numbers Transition: The next section describes the RIP routing protocol.

RIP v2 Configuration Router(config-router)#no auto-summary Disables auto-summarization at classful boundaries Purpose: This figure shows the dynamic routing configuration commands. Emphasize: The router command starts a routing process. Field descriptions are protocol—one of the following: RIP, IGRP, HELLO, OSPF, BGP, EGP autonomous system—used with protocols which require an AS such as IGRP and BGP. A proper understanding of these commands will avoid many problems in the labs. The network statement contains no subnetting information. Networks are directly connected and are specified as the major Class A, B, or C network numbers Transition: The next section describes the RIP routing protocol.

Show Commands Show ip protocols Sh ip interface Sh ip rip database debug ip rip Purpose: this figure states the chapter objectives. Emphasize: Read or state each objective so each student has a clear understanding of the chapter objectives.

Lab Lab file Lab scenario RIP Configuration Lab-1.pdf RIP Configuration Lab-1.pkt RIP Configuration Lab-2.pkt