Draw the Outline—11 petals

Countercultures and Movements of the Sixties ‘‘Flower Power’’ and Our Favorite Causes

Music of a Movement: ‘‘The Times, They are a Changin’’’

Personal issues became political issues and political issues became personal issues…

1.Black Nationalism/Black Power The Black Power Movement advocated personal, political and economic control of African American lives MLK—SCLC--Nobel Prize in 1965—assassinated in 1968 Malcolm X—Nation of Islam (assassinated in 1965) Stokely Carmichael--SNCC Huey Newton—Black Panthers

2.Women’s Liberation—Equal Rights Movement Feminism—theory of social, political, and economic equality of men and women Education: College Degrees for women 1950—25% 1970—43% Economics—Women made significantly less money than men Marriage—average age in 1960—19

A Chronology of Events 1826—public high schools for girls opened in Boston and NY 1848—first women’s rights convention in Seneca Falls, NY 1850—Oregon allow married women to own land in their own names 1879—Wyoming Territory gave women the vote 1920—19th amendment 1963—Equal Pay Act prohibits wage discrimination based on gender 1964—Civil Rights Act bans gender discrimination (see 14th amendment) 1965—Supreme Court strikes down laws banning contraceptives 1971—Supreme Court bans sex discrimination in hiring 1972—Equal Rights Amendment proposed—fails in 1982 1972—Title IX ends gender discrimination in school sports 1973—Roe v. Wade makes abortion legal 1981—President Reagan appoints first woman to the Supreme Court, Sandra Day O’Connor 1993—female pilots are allowed to fly in combat 1994—Violence Against Women Act is passed 2008—Hillary Rodham Clinton gets 18 million votes in bid for Democratic nomination for President 2012—Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act 2013—Females allowed in military combat

Landmarks in Women’s Rights Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique—1963 Friedan was first President of National Organization of Women (NOW)—1966

‘‘The problem lay buried, unspoken, for many years in the minds of American women. It was a strange stirring, a sense of dissatisfaction, a yearning that women suffered….Each suburban wife struggled with it alone. As she made the beds, shopped for groceries, matched slipcover material, ate peanut butter sandwiches with her children, chuffeured Cub Scouts and Brownies, lay beside her husband at night—she was afraid to ask even of herself the silent question— ‘Is this all?’’’ Betty Friedan, The Feminine Mystique

‘‘ Ms. ’’ MS Magazine was started by Gloria Steinem

Equal Pay Act--1963 Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 Title IX Affirmative Action EEOC—Equal Employment Opportunity Commission The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 The Supreme Court decision in Roe v. Wade--1973 Equal Rights Amendment proposed in 1972—died in 1982 after passage by less than 38 states (Texas passed it)

Hitting the ‘‘Glass Ceiling’’

3.Native Americans AIM—American Indian Movement—founded in 1968 Efforts to reclaim Native culture that was hindered by years of boarding school educations Occupation of Alcatraz--1969-70 for 19 months March on Washington—1972 Occupation of Wounded Knee—71 day stand-off

In 1973, Brando turned down the Oscar, citing that Hollywood needed to improve the image of the Native American in films.

Tribal Life Oil development Casinos Federal and tribal law

4.Latinos La Raza Unida—political party established in 1970 (in Tx) Cesar Chavez and the United Farm Workers led national boycotts

Other concerns… Bilingual education fair pay Political clout Immigration

5.Free Speech Movement and Students for a Democratic Society

Effects on college life Student government Co-ed dorms Relevant courses

6.The Anti-War Movement College Demonstrations The Draft Draft dodgers Summer of Love—1967 Disenfranchisement Woodstock--1969 Kent State--1970

7.Environmentalists

Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring Pesticides and Food laws ‘‘Don’t mess with Texas’’ Clean Air Act Earth Day—April 22 Anti-Emissions Legislation Alternative Energy

8. Americans With Disabilties Act passed in 1973, amended 1990 Access to all public buildings required Amenities in restrooms, public buildings, classrooms Special programs in education, health care fields etc.

9.Education Changes Head Start Public Television Federal grants for arts and sciences Teaching the individual Texas— “no pass no play” State testing requirements “No child left behind” G.W.Bush

10.Gay Rights The law 1960s 1970s 1980s and AIDS 90s 2000s Recent Supreme Court decision As of 2012, four states have legalized gay marriage (Texas is not one of them)

11.Consumer Advocacy Unsafe at Any Speed—book by Nader Ralph Nader—spokesman for consumer rights and third party presidential candidate in 90s and 2000 Federal Consumer Advocate—recent appointment

Everybody has a cause… Animal rights Pro-Life/Pro-Choice Clean water sources Anti-nuclear weapons/energy