Figure 1 Associations between baseline cerebrospinal fluid

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Presentation transcript:

Figure 1 Associations between baseline cerebrospinal fluid immune response profiles and clinical outcome in HIV-associated CM Figure 1 | Associations between baseline cerebrospinal fluid immune response profiles and clinical outcome in HIV-associated CM. Baseline cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytokine and chemokine concentrations were measured in 90 patients with HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis (CM). Principal component analysis was used to identify co-correlated cytokine and chemokine measurements that accounted for the variance in the cytokine data set. A majority of this variance was accounted by two components, PC1 and PC2. PC1 was driven by increased levels of IL-6 and IFN-γ, and also IL-8, IL-10, CCL5 (also known as RANTES), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), and IL-17. PC2 was driven by high concentrations of chemokines, monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein 1α (MIP-1α), and granulocyte- macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). a | PC1 score was associated with 2-week survival. b | In those who survived and were started on antiretroviral therapy, PC2 score was associated with the development of CM-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS). The points on the graphs represent the mean values, and the error bars denote standard errors of the mean. Reproduced from Jarvis, J. N. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles predict risk of early mortality and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. PLoS Pathog. 11, e1004754 (2015); used under CC BY: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/legalcode. Reproduced from Jarvis, J. N. et al. Cerebrospinal fluid cytokine profiles predict risk of early mortality and immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis. PLoS Pathog. 11, e1004754 (2015); used under CC BY: http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/2.0/legalcode. Williamson, P. R. et al. (2016) Cryptococcal meningitis: epidemiology, immunology, diagnosis and therapy Nat. Rev. Neurol. doi:10.1038/nrneurol.2016.167