The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam 6 The First Global Civilization: The Rise and Spread of Islam

The Rise and Spread of Islam Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam The Arab Empire of the Umayyads From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era

Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World Background Bedouins Camel herding Agriculture

Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World Clan Identity, Clan Rivalries, and the Cycle of Vengeance Clans Grouped into tribes Shayks Free warriors Rivalry

Desert and Town: The Pre-Islamic Arabian World Towns and Long-Distance Trade Entrepots Mecca Umayyad clan, Quraysh tribe Ka’ba Medina

Arabia and Surrounding Area Before and During the Time of Muhammad

Marriage and Family in Pre-Islamic Arabia Women have important roles Polygyny, polyandry

Poet and Neglected Gods Animism, polytheism Including Allah

The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Background Banu Hasim clan Orphaned Mecca Khadijah Revelations, 610 via Gabriel

The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Persecution, Flight, and Victory Ka’ba gods threatened Invited to Medina, 622 Hijra Return to Mecca, 629 Arabs and Islam Umma

The Life of Muhammad and the Genesis of Islam Universal Elements in Islam 5 Pillars Acceptance of Islam Prayer Fasting during Ramadan Payment of zakat Hajj

The Expansion of the Islamic Empire During the 7th and 8th Centuries

The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Death, 632 Succession struggle Consolidation and Division in the Islamic Community Abu Bakr Ridda Wars

The Arab Empire of the Umayyads Conquest Motives for Arab Conquest Conversions Booty Weaknesses of the Adversary Empires Sassanian Empire Zoroastrianism Dynasty ended, 651 Byzantium

The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split Uthman 3rd caliph Murdered Ali’s supporters proclaim him caliph

The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split Ali Rejected by Umayyads Siffin, 657 Loses suppor Assassinated, 661 Son, Hasan, renounces caliphate Son, Husayn Killed, Karbala, 680

The Problem of Succession and the Sunni-Shi’a Split Division Sunni – Umayyads Shi’a – Ali’s descendants Mu’awiya Caliph, 660

The Umayyad Imperium Push west Stopped at Poitiers, 732 Retain Iberia Converts and “People of the Book” Malawi, converts Dhimmi, people of the book Jews, Christians Later, Zoroastrians and Hindus

The Umayyad Imperium Family and Gender Islamic ideas prevail at first Multiple marriage acceptable in certain cases Equality of men and women in worship Many hadiths recorded by women

The Umayyad Imperium Umayyad Decline and Fall Revolts Merv Abassid revolt 750, Umayyads defeated by Abassids

From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era Sunni rule repress Shi’a Baghdad New capital

Emergence of the Abbasid Dynasty

From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era Islamic Conversion and Mawali Acceptance Town and Country: Commercial Boom and Agrarian Expansion Urban expansion Ayan

From Arab to Islamic Empire: The Early Abassid Era The First Flowering of Islamic Learning Building Mosques, palaces Preservation of Greek thought Indian number system passed on

Global Connections: Early Islam and the World Spread of Islam Unprecedented in scale, scope Special place of commerce influential Preservation and expansion of inherited knowledge Diverse linguistically, ethnically