Volume 127, Issue 3, Pages (September 2004)

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Volume 127, Issue 3, Pages 826-837 (September 2004) Lactobacillus paracasei normalizes muscle hypercontractility in a murine model of postinfective gut dysfunction Elena F. Verdú, Premysl Bercík, Gabriela E. Bergonzelli, Xian-Xi Huang, Patricia Blennerhasset, Florence Rochat, Muriel Fiaux, Robert Mansourian, Irène Corthésy-Theulaz, Stephen M. Collins Gastroenterology Volume 127, Issue 3, Pages 826-837 (September 2004) DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007 Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Effect of probiotic strains on postinfective muscle hypercontractility. Probiotics were administered by gavage from day 10 to day 21 after infection. Intestinal strips obtained 21 days after infection from mice treated with broth (MRS), Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpa), L. johnsonii (Ljo), Bifidobacterium lactis (Bla), or B. longum (Blo) and from uninfected mice (Uninf) were stimulated with carbachol at the indicated concentrations. (A) Maximal tension; (B) area under the curve (AUC). Results are expressed as means (n = 5). T. sp, Trichinella spiralis. Gastroenterology 2004 127, 826-837DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Effect of Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpa), heat-inactivated (HI) L. paracasei, and L. paracasei-free spent culture medium (SCM) on postinfective hypercontractility. (A) Stimulation of contraction by electric field: tonic contraction. (B) Stimulation of contraction by carbachol (10−6 mol/L): area under the curve. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. Uninfected controls (Uninf), n = 12; Trichinella spiralis-infected mice treated with MRS broth (MRS), n = 9; Lpa, n = 9; HI-Lpa, n = 5; SCM, n = 9. *P = 0.05 versus T. spiralis-MRS; #P = 0.05 versus uninfected. Gastroenterology 2004 127, 826-837DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Effect of probiotic administration from day 18 to day 28 after T. spiralis infection on muscle hypercontractility. Intestinal strips obtained 28 days after infection from mice treated with broth (MRS), Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpa), or L. paracasei-free spent culture medium (SCM) were stimulated with carbachol at the indicated concentrations. (A) Maximal tension; (B) area under the curve (AUC). Results are expressed as means (n = 5). T. sp, Trichinella spiralis. Gastroenterology 2004 127, 826-837DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Detection of Th2 cytokines in LMMP 14 days after infection: IL-4 (A) and IL-13 (B) levels. Trichinella spiralis-infected mice were treated with MRS, Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpa), and L. paracasei-free SCM (SCM). *P = 0.05 versus T. spiralis-MRS; #P = 0.05 versus uninfected (Uninf). Results were adjusted for protein concentrations of the sample and are expressed as means ± SD (n = 4). Gastroenterology 2004 127, 826-837DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 5 Expression of TGF-β1 (A) and PGE2 (B) proteins in LMMP 21 days after infection. Trichinella spiralis-infected mice were treated with MRS, Lactobacillus paracasei (Lpa), and L. paracasei-free SCM (SCM). Results were adjusted for protein concentration of the sample and are expressed as means ± SD (n = 4). *P = 0.05 vs. T. spiralis-MRS; #P = 0.05 vs. uninfected (Uninf). Gastroenterology 2004 127, 826-837DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 6 COX-2 detection 21 days after infection. (A) Uninfected mouse; (B) Trichinella spiralis-MRS-treated mouse; (C) T. spiralis-Lactobacillus paracasei; (D) T. spiralis-L. paracasei-free SCM; (E) T. spiralis-MRS-treated mouse after coincubation of COX-2 peptide with the primary antibody. Arrowhead indicates COX-2 labeling in the muscle layer; long arrow indicates labeling in the region of the myenteric plexus. Gastroenterology 2004 127, 826-837DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

Figure 7 Quantitative analysis of RANTES mRNA by real-time PCR. RANTES mRNA was expressed relative to the hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase (HPRT) housekeeping gene, and -fold changes were calculated relative to values of uninfected (Uninf) mice. Trichinella spiralis (Tsp)-infected mice were treated with MRS, L. paracasei (Lpa), and L. paracasei-free SCM (SCM). Results show the mean value of 3 mice per group performed in duplicate. Gastroenterology 2004 127, 826-837DOI: (10.1053/j.gastro.2004.06.007) Copyright © 2004 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions