RECONSTRUCTION

Five Causes of the Civil War States’ Rights Economic differences between the North and South Westward expansion and slavery Slaveholders vs. Abolitionists Abraham Lincoln’s election

What moment caused the Civil War to begin? With the election of _________________ South Carolina seceded from the Union. This DID NOT immediately start the American Civil War!

Presentation Review: Fill in the historical significance of each event in your chart.

Fort Sumter Important Union fort in South Carolina (Confederate territory) Confederate victory Started the Civil War

First Battle at Bull Run: First major land battle of the Civil War Confederate victory signaled that the Civil War would be long and drawn out.

Battle of Antietam Was the bloodiest, single-day battle in the Civil War 23,000 dead Neither side could claim victory

Battle of Vicksburg Split the Confederate forces in two Union gained control of the Mississippi

Battle of Gettysburg Seen as the turning point in the war. Ended the Confederate invasion of the North. Union victory

Sherman’s March to Sea Inflicted serious damage to industry, infrastructure, & to civilian property in the South Eliminated the regions economic abilities

Emancipation Proclamation Freed slaves in Confederate territory that the Union took over. Shifted the war objectives. Provided European support of the North.

Gettysburg Address One of the most famous speeches in American history. Wanted to restore the founding principals of the USA (government of the people, by the people, for the people)

Photography in the Civil War First major conflict to be photographed extensively Brought home the carnage of warfare

Women in the Civil War Played important roles in both the front lines and behind the front lines. Contributed heavily to the day to day management of the armies.

African-Americans in the Civil War Estimated that 180,000 fought for the Union Army Comprised 10% of the Union Army

American Reconstruction 1865-1876

The Death of Lincoln John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln A confederate sympathizer “Sic Semper Tyrannus” “Death to tyrants.” Video: “Assassination of Lincoln”

Introduction Civil War left over 600,000 dead It had destroyed a considerable amount of territory and resources Old order and society has been destroyed and everything had to be replaced A plan was needed to rebuild the country and it had to be done with the issue of race

After the Confederacy surrendered to end the Civil War, the U. S After the Confederacy surrendered to end the Civil War, the U.S. government faced three questions: 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction and; 3. How do we integrate newly-emancipated black freedmen? This period in American history is known as… RECONSTRUCTION: What would you do?

1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? Federal government established 5 military zones to control the confederate states. In order for confederate states to rejoin the Union they had to meet three requirements: Draft a new constitution Refuse secession Accept the complete abolition of slavery

2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction and integrate newly-emancipated black freedmen? Freedmen’s Bureaus Temporary agencies designed to provide food, clothing, education, & medical care to refugees in the South. For many freedmen, education was synonymous with freedom!

2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction and integrate newly-emancipated black freedmen? 13th Amendment: abolished slavery 14th Amendment: Made African-Americans citizens. 15th Amendment: Guaranteed African-American men the right to vote.

Violent Response in the Southern States: Many white southerners were outraged with the 14th Amendment Ku Klux Klan started as a response Used weird costumes & goofy rituals to intimidate blacks from exercising their rights Beatings, drove African- Americans from their homes, lynching

Violent Response in the Southern States: Carpetbaggers: Northerners who came to the South to participate in its reconstruction. Scalawags: Southerners who worked with the carpetbaggers.

FREEDOM…

But NOT Equality…

Jim Crow Symb0lizes one of the most tragic eras of race relations in American History By the end of reconstruction, a system of laws had emerged to prevent the blacks from experiencing any of their newly gained rights

Jim Crow Laws Southern states pass laws that separated blacks and whites in schools, restaurants, theaters, trains, streetcars, playgrounds, and even cemeteries. VIDEO: Jim Crow Laws