Freshwater and Saltwater Aquariums

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Freshwater and Saltwater Aquariums

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Presentation transcript:

Freshwater and Saltwater Aquariums By Jenessa Gjeltema

Choose Your Aquarium Type The specific aquarium setup will depend upon the requirements of the species you choose.

Choose Your Aquarium Type

Choose Your Aquarium Type

Choose Your Aquarium Type

Basic Needs Appropriate enclosure/housing Nutrition Hygiene Enrichment

Enclosure Components Tank Stand/Canopy Lid/condenser Lights Temperature Control Environmental Enrichment Filtration Location Water Quality

Enclosure Components: Tank Consider: Size Shape Materials Convenience Aesthetics

Enclosure Components: Tank

Enclosure Components: Lid/Condenser Why? Keeps fish from jumping out Prevents evaporation Protects lights Considerations: Access to tank Keep clean of debris

Enclosure Components: Lighting Why? Plant Growth Coral Growth Visualizing the Fish Fish health Considerations: Fixtures/ballast Photoperiod: Use timers 12hours Types of bulbs (size, wavelength): Mostly fluorescent full spectrum bulbs that simulate daylight at noon Reflectors

Enclosure Components: Lighting Considerations: Fixtures Ballast Wavelength Light Intensity Reflectors Photoperiod (12 hours)

Enclosure Components: Temperature Regulation How? Heaters Chillers Fans Ventilation Considerations: Position of heater Lighting

Enclosure Components: Environmental Enrichment Why? Evasion Breeding Quality of life Express Personality

Enclosure Components: Environmental Enrichment Types: Wood Rocks Substrate Plants

Enclosure Components: Plants Why? Oxygenation Waste removal Protection

Filtration Systems Mechanical Biological Chemical Filtration: Types: Wool, sponge Ceramics, sponges, rocks (SURFACE AREA!!) Charcoal, zeolite Purpose: Remove large particulate waste Removes fish waste products Removes odors, discoloration, toxins, and some waste products

Filtration Systems Considerations Tank size Stocking capacity Water flow Breeding Aeration

Filtration Systems

Filtration Systems

Filtration Systems Protein Skimmer: Removes organic material from marine systems

Filtration Systems Underground filter: biological and mechanical

Enclosure Components: Location Avoid: windows/direct sunlight drafty doors or fireplaces vibrations/sharp noises

Water Composition: Water Testing

Water Composition: Stock Water Know what is in your stock water Test periodically Alternatives available Test for: Chlorines Copper pH Hardness

Water Composition: Testing Fresh Water: pH Ammonia Nitrite Nitrate Salt Water: Salinity Other: Phosphate Calcium Strontium

Water Quality: Nitrogen Cycle badmanstropicalfish.com (originally from www.hagen.com)

Water Quality: Nitrogen Cycle www.cichlid-forum.com

Water Quality: Cycling A New Tank Purpose: grow bacteria for nitrogen cycle Takes 4-6 weeks Tips: “Seed” the tank Monitor values closely Avoid water changes Can achieve without fish

Water Changes Why? Dilutes waste products Corrects pH imbalances Can reduce algae growth

Performing Water Changes Regular water changes 2% every 2 days 4% every week 20% a month

Adding Fish: Acclimation Temperature Water composition Environmental factors How: 15-30 min. for temperature 15 minutes for water composition

Nutrition Dry: Flakes Pellets Sticks Floating Sinking Wafers Seaweed Live/Frozen: Blood Worms Daphnia Brine Shrimp Feeder fish Plants

Picture from Jeremy Gay’s The Perfect Aquarium Nutrition Know your fish Observe mouth Use dry food as staple Supplement with fresh/frozen foods Do not overfeed Picture from Jeremy Gay’s The Perfect Aquarium

Maintenance Daily: Feed Monitor Lighting Weekly: Replace evaporation Water testing Clean algae Empty protein skimmer

Maintenance Monthly: Charcoal replacement Plant maintenance Electrical Inspection 6 mos. To Yearly: Change light bulbs

Additional Considerations Personal Safety Euthanasia Environmental Impact Veterinary Care

References Axelrod, Herbert. Handbook of Tropical Aquarium Fishes. Neptune City: TFH Publications. 1983. Borneman, Eric. Aquarium Corals: Selection, Husbandry, and Natural History. Neptune City: T.H.F. Publications. 2001. Fenner, Robert M. The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune city: T.F.H Publications. 2001. Gay, Jeremy. The Perfect Aquarium: The Complete Guide to Setting Up and Maintaining an Aquarium. New York: Reader’s Digest. 2005. Hawkins, A.D. Aquarium Systems. London: Academic Press. 1981

References Hemdal, Jay F. Aquarium Fish Breeding. New York: Barron’s. 2003. Hiscock, Peter. Encyclopedia of Aquarium Plants. New York: Barron’s. 2003 Sandford, Gina. The Tropical Aquarium. New York: Barron’s. 2004. Stoskopf, Michael. Fish Medicine. Philadelphia: W.B. Sauders Co. 1993. Tullock, John. Water Chemistry for the Marine Aquarium. New York: Barron’s. 2002.

Special Thank You to: Fish World and Aqua Pros

I can help you get some hands-on experience! Thank You! Questions? If you would like to learn more about fish (as well as coral and amphibian) husbandry, please contact me at jlgjelte@ncsu.edu. I can help you get some hands-on experience!