Chapter 3 (B) States of Consciousness A.P. Psychology

Essential Question What are the psychological roles of sleep, and how is one’s consciousness affected by hypnosis, meditation, and various drugs?

: Consciousness and Sleep A.P. Psychology

Do-Now (Questionnaire/In Journal) Answer the questions on Hand-Out 3-8 “A Morning-Evening Questionnaire” Tally up the numbers of your responses: 70-86: Definitely morning type 59-69: Moderately morning type 42-58: Neither type 31-41: Moderately evening type 16-30: Definitely evening type

Do-Now (Questionnaire/In Journal) Answer the questions on Hand-Out 4-1 “Circadian Rhythms” Tally up the numbers of your responses: 70-86: Definitely morning type 59-69: Moderately morning type 42-58: Neither type 31-41: Moderately evening type 16-30: Definitely evening type

Consciousness Consciousness: Our awareness of ourselves and our environment Exists within a spectrum of levels (as opposed to simply “conscious” vs. “unconscious”) Freudian view: Childhood experiences Modern view: Parallel processing

Consciousness

“Sleep is the irresistible tempter to whom we eventually succumb.”

“Jet Lag” Have you ever experienced “Jet Lag?” How did you feel? Why do you think this occurs?

Biological Rhythms and Sleep Circadian Rhythm: The biological clock Regular bodily rhythms (for example, of temperature and wakefulness) that occur on a 24-hour schedule Ultradian Rhythm: more than once each day Infradian Rhythm: once per month/season

Biological Rhythms and Sleep Light triggers the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus to decrease melatonin from the pineal gland in the morning and increase it at nightfall.

Sleep Stages Approximately every 90 minutes, we pass through a cycle of five distinct sleep stages (includes NREM and REM Sleep)

Sleep Stages When awake, relaxed, and ready to fall asleep, a person’s brain is producing alpha waves (9-14 cps)

Sleep Stages Stage 1-2: Lightest levels of sleep Pulse slows Muscles relax May hallucinate Breathing and brain waves become irregular Alpha waves/Theta waves (5-8 cps)

Sleep Stages Stages 3-4: Deepest levels of sleep Possibilities: Sleepwalking/Sleep talking Bed-wetting Occurs early in the night Delta waves (1.5-4 cps) Important to physical and psychological well-being

Sleep Stages Stage 5/REM Sleep: “Rapid Eye Movement” Sleep Pulse and heart rate become irregular Face or fingers may twitch Large muscles become paralyzed Sexual arousal Vivid dreams “Paradoxical Sleep” Beta waves (15-40 cps)

Sleep Stages With each 90-minute cycle, stage 4 sleep decreases and the duration of REM sleep increases.

Sleep Stages Why may we sometimes naturally wake up throughout the night? Why might you feel more tired after taking a 50-minute nap than you were before falling asleep?

Why Do We Sleep? Theories of Sleep Sleep Protects: Sleeping in the darkness when predators loomed about kept our ancestors out of harm’s way. Sleep Helps Us Recover: Sleep helps restore and repair brain tissue. Sleep Helps Us Remember: Sleep restores and rebuilds our fading memories. Sleep May Play a Role in the Growth Process: During sleep, the pituitary gland releases growth hormone. Older people release less of this hormone and sleep less.

Sleeping with Eyes Open: “Nocturnal Lagophthalmos”

Review What is consciousness? How can one’s consciousness be altered: Provide an 3 examples of altered states of consciousness. How can one’s consciousness be altered: Physiologically Psychologically What is a circadian rhythm? How does it influence our sleep behavior? Discuss the sleep cycle: What occurs during each stage of sleep?

Homework Chapter 3 A and B Quiz: