Lecture~ 2 THE BERLIN WALL 1961-1989 Lecture 2 Standard 10.9.3.

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Presentation transcript:

Lecture~ 2 THE BERLIN WALL 1961-1989 Lecture 2 Standard 10.9.3

Standard 10.9.3 Understand the importance of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan, which established the pattern for America's postwar policy of supplying economic and military aid to prevent the spread of Communism and the resulting economic and political competition in arenas such as Southeast Asia (i.e., the Korean War, Vietnam War), Cuba, and Africa.

Vocabulary 490-493 or lectures Term Definition In your own words Picture Truman Doctrine Marshall Plan Containment Warsaw Pact Iron curtain NATO Berlin Wall Berlin Airlift

A Divided Country Allies divided Germany & Berlin (Capital) into four sectors France, Britain & U.S. joined sectors unifying Western Germany Soviets and U.S. become suspicious of each others actions

Clash in Berlin Stalin Blocked Berlin from all supplies *Berlin Blockade U.S. responded with Berlin airlift dropped food and supplies into West Berlin 1948 -1949 (327 days) Stalin forced to lift blockade (food, fuel, medicine, mail & Christmas gifts) 277,000 flights brought 2.3 million tons of supplies

Why the Wall? East – West rivalry WEST: Democratic prosperous, helped by U.S (Marshall Plan), attracted people from the East EAST: Much less prosperous and under Communist control/dictatorship

Movement of Berliners from East to West 1949- 129,245 1951- 165,648 1953- 331,390 1955- 252,870 1957- 261,622 1959- 143,917 1961- 207,026 (Berlin Wall) 1962- 21,356 1963- 42,632 1964- 41,876 *Movement between east and west drop after Berlin Wall is built

Bye Bye Stalin… Stalin dies in 1953 replaced by Nikita Khrushchev Khrushchev puts up wall

A Country Divided *Berlin was divided: free access ended, families split, 160 died trying to cross Wall, 120 were injured *U.S. Pres. Kennedy (1961-1963) refused to use US troops to pull down the wall (avoid war) US had protected W Berlin and never promised to protect E Berlin

Total length: 96 miles Concrete wall: 11-13ft. high Anti-vehicle trenches: 65 # of watch towers: 302 Bunkers: 20

Where East meets West. Check Point Charlie, barrier between East & West Berlin

Nov 9, 1989 *The Berlin wall was finally torn down after protests engulfed Berlin & other satellite nations *Communist system on its way out *New Soviet leader, Mikhail Gobechev, allowed wall to come down The Fall of the Berlin Wall will always be used as a symbol for the end of the Cold War Travel restrictions are lifted. More than 10,000 East Germans cross the border to West Berlin. Mass celebrations last for days. People break pieces – even chunks – off the wall.

Exploring the events of the Cold War (MAP) Which 4 countries occupied Germany following WWII? Which Cold War events involved economic aid to European Nations? What did the Warsaw Pact and NATO have in common? Why was the Berlin Wall built?