CELLULAR RESPIRATION

DEFINITION Process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds (e.g. glucose)

OVERALL CHEMICAL EQUATION C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy

AEROBIC vs. ANAEROBIC BOTH – starts with glycolysis to produce 2 ATP

AEROBIC vs. ANAEROBIC Occurs in the presence of O2 Produces additional ATP Occurs in the absence of O2 Does not produce additional ATP

AEROBIC vs. ANAEROBIC Occurs in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) Occurs in the cytoplasm (cytosol)

AEROBIC vs. ANAEROBIC 2 stages: 2 types: Krebs cycle electron transport chain 2 types: lactic acid fermentation Alcoholic fermentation

FERMENTATION Anaerobic process in which glucose is converted into another organic compound

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Process in which pyruvic acid is converted into lactic acid Plays an essential role in the making of food products such as yogurt & cheese

LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION Occurs in muscle cells during very strenuous exercise when there is not enough O2 available

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Process in which pyruvic acid is converted into ethyl alcohol (ethanol) Is the basis of wine & beer production

ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION Used for the production of bread

AEROBIC RESPIRATION 2 major stages: Krebs cycle electron transport chain

Kreb’s Cycle Occurs in the mitochondria (eukaryotes) One glucose molecule causes 2 turns of the Krebs cycle

Electron Transport Occurs along the inner mitochondrial membrane Oxygen is the final electron acceptor

AEROBIC RESPIRATION ENERGY YIELD: max. = 38 ATP molecules/glucose molecule