The science of implantation emerges blinking into the light Andrew M. Sharkey, Nick S. Macklon  Reproductive BioMedicine Online  Volume 27, Issue 5, Pages 453-460 (November 2013) DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.08.005 Copyright © 2013 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Schematic representation of the early stages of human implantation. The pre-implantation embryo signals its presence to the mother by both endocrine mediators, such as human chorionic gonadotrophin, and paracrine growth factors, which act locally on the endometrium to facilitate attachment. Following attachment the embryo penetrates the luminal epithelium (LE), breaches the basement membrane (BM) and invades into the underlying stromal cells. These begin to decidualise in earnest, although in humans some pre-decidual change is evident prior to embryo attachment. A detailed description of early human implantation stages by Professor Allen Enders, together with photomicrographs, is available to view from the website of the Centre for Trophoblast Research (http://www.trophoblast.cam.ac.uk/info/enders.shtml). Reproductive BioMedicine Online 2013 27, 453-460DOI: (10.1016/j.rbmo.2013.08.005) Copyright © 2013 Reproductive Healthcare Ltd. Terms and Conditions