Food additives, A CLOSER LOOK AT high fructose corn syrup MJ Tompkins Nutr 243 03.23.16

OBJECTIVES To identify one food that contains HFCS To discuss the nutrient content of HFCS To understand how HFCS affects one area of human health OBJECTIVES

FOUND IN

18% increase in CVD death risk Adults 20-60 13-14% daily cals Children/adolescence 16% 18% increase in CVD death risk More than your dv

What is it? HFCS-42: Table sugar (sucrose, di-): 53% glucose 42% fructose 5% other sugars / polysaccharides (glucose chains) Table sugar (sucrose, di-): 50% fructose 50% glucose What is it?

Nutrient content Or lack thereof 100 grams: 76 grams CHO 24 grams H2O Ca about 6mg Magnesium, Phosphorus Nutrient content

High fructose corn syrup HFCS 1970s, researchers Mass production Low production cost Easier handling, shipping High fructose corn syrup

SUGAR VS. HFCS United States sugar: $0.42/lb World market: $0.15/lb HFCS is currently around $0.115/lb World price vs. U.S. price USDA’s price support program Price standards and import restrictions American Sugar Alliance SUGAR VS. HFCS

USA has the highest rate of corn production/consumption per capita “You are what you eat” Dawson, Berkley Hair, carbon Reporter: 69% 3 months in Italy: 5% Other Things to add

Heart Liver Metabolism Accusations

HFCS AND YOUR HEART Adults 18-40 Beverages with 0%, 10%, 17.5%, or 25% HFCS “Produced dose-dependent increases in circulating lipid/lipoprotein risk factors for CVD and uric acid within 2 wk” HDL and LDL HFCS AND YOUR HEART

hfcs AND YOUR HEART ~100 individuals 3 drinks/day Regular diet Urine and riboflavin as a biomarker Support that cardiovascular health is linked to added sugars hfcs AND YOUR HEART

METABOLIC eFFects 50 g carbohydrate 14 days Honey Sucrose HFCS55 2 wks rest METABOLIC eFFects

Glycemic response, serum lipids, inflammation, BP Measured: Glycemic response, serum lipids, inflammation, BP Glucose Tolerant (GT), Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) All markers: Unaffected by source Elevated: TG concentrations in GT and IGT individuals Elevated glycemic and inflammatory responses in the latter

Limits 55 participants Normal weight, obese Typical diets Excluded any sugar-sweetened beverages Limits

Hfcs vs. your day 476 individuals 2 year study 15+ yrs Relationship between type of beverage and total kcal/day Dietary recall Categories: sugar sweetened, HFCS-sweetened, non-sweet, milk Hfcs vs. your day

Significant results 19% consumed 1+ HFCS beverages Concluded statistical significance between HFCS and kcal Significant results

Hfcs and your liver Review of 19 studies Adults, Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) HFCS or sucrose intake – High energy intake Levels were unaffected by source Evidence cannot draw conclusions Hfcs and your liver

Conclusion Measurements for studies Liver, metabolism, heart Moderation No nutritional value Calories Research Conclusion

RECAP One food containing HFCS Nutrient content Why is HFCS used over sugar? One health risk commonly associated RECAP

Thank you for your attendance and participation! Questions?

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