Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals

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Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from individuals.

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Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals Prof Mika Kivimäki, PhD, Prof Marianna Virtanen, PhD, Prof Ichiro Kawachi, MD, Solja T Nyberg, MSc, Prof Lars Alfredsson, PhD, G David Batty, PhD, Prof Jakob B Bjorner, MD, Marianne Borritz, MD, Prof Eric J Brunner, PhD, Hermann Burr, PhD, Prof Nico Dragano, PhD, Jane E Ferrie, PhD, Eleonor I Fransson, PhD, Mark Hamer, PhD, Katriina Heikkilä, PhD, Prof Anders Knutsson, PhD, Prof Markku Koskenvuo, MD, Ida E H Madsen, PhD, Martin L Nielsen, MD, Maria Nordin, PhD, Tuula Oksanen, PhD, Jan H Pejtersen, PhD, Jaana Pentti, PhD, Prof Reiner Rugulies, PhD, Paula Salo, PhD, Prof Johannes Siegrist, PhD, Andrew Steptoe, PhD, Prof Sakari Suominen, MD, Prof Töres Theorell, MD, Prof Jussi Vahtera, MD, Prof Peter J M Westerholm, MD, Prof Hugo Westerlund, PhD, Archana Singh- Manoux, PhD, Markus Jokela, PhD The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology Volume 3, Issue 1, Pages 27-34 (January 2015) DOI: 10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70178-0 Copyright © 2015 Kivimäki et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Study selection IPD-Work=Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium. ICPSR=Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research. UK DS=UK Data Service. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 27-34DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70178-0) Copyright © 2015 Kivimäki et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Random-effects meta-analysis of unpublished and published studies of minimally adjusted association between working long hours and incident type 2 diabetes The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 27-34DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70178-0) Copyright © 2015 Kivimäki et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 3 Association between working long hours and incident type 2 diabetes by subgroup in individual-participant datasets from the Individual-Participant-Data Meta-analysis in Working Populations Consortium, Inter-University Consortium for Political and Social Research, and the UK Data Service resources The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 27-34DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70178-0) Copyright © 2015 Kivimäki et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions

Figure 4 Minimally and maximally adjusted risk ratios for the association between working long hours and risk of incident type 2 diabetes by socioeconomic status The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology 2015 3, 27-34DOI: (10.1016/S2213-8587(14)70178-0) Copyright © 2015 Kivimäki et al. Open Access article distributed under the terms of CC BY Terms and Conditions