ATN/GNSS Seminar Varadero, Cuba 6 to 9 May 2002 Overview of GNSS Presentation GNSS 1.1 by V. Iatsouk, GNSS Panel Secretary ANB/ICAO

ICAO definition of GNSS A world-wide position and time determination system, that includes: one or more satellite constellations aircraft receivers system integrity monitoring augmented as necessary to support the required navigation performance for the intended operation .

GNSS-related work areas GNSS standardization (SARPs) Operational issues Institutional and legal issues Economics GNSS transition planning

GNSS standardization methodology Core elements (satellite constellations) Augmentations Non-aircraft and aircraft elements Evolutionary integration of new elements

Scope of GNSS SARPs (Annex 10, Volume I, applicable as of 1 November 2001) Establish GNSS as a new standard aid to: navigation; and approach and landing

Scope of GNSS SARPs GNSS elements defined: GPS GLONASS aircraft-based augmentation system(ABAS) satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) ground-based augmentation system (GBAS receivers (essential characteristics)

Present GNSS capabilities defined in SARPs Six performance levels and respective functionalities defined for: en-route non-precision approach (NPA) approach with vertical guidance (APV) Category I precision approach Other performance levels yet to be defined

APV types LNAV/ BaroVNAV APV-I APV-II

GNSS performance levels by alert limits

Recent GNSS enhancements (Amendment 77 to Annex 10) SBAS Message Type 28 GBAS positioning service GLONASS-related requirements for SBAS and GBAS

Status of GNSS elements GPS 28 SVs operational, modernization programme under way Block IIR-M SV (L2C) launches to begin 2003 Block IIF SV (L5) launches to begin 2005

Status of GNSS elements (cont’d) GLONASS 9 SVs in orbit, 6 operational without limitations plans to expand up to 18-20 SVs by 2005 including GLONASS-M planning for GLONASS-K after 2010

Status of GNSS elements (cont’d) GALILEO Funding for development phase released Development and validation (2002-2005) Deployment (2006-2007) Operational phase 2008 SBAS (WAAS, EGNOS, MSAS) Operational 2003-2005

Status of GNSS elements (cont’d) GBAS two basic configurations (Cat I PA & Cat I PA with GBAS positioning service) VHF data broadcast options with horizontal (GBAS/H) and elliptical (GBAS/E) polarization certified Cat I GBAS stations in US (LAAS) and Europe in 2002-2003 time frame

Status of GNSS elements (cont’d) ABAS avionics: RTCA (EUROCAE) MOPS/MASPS RTCA DO-208 EUROCAE ED-72A FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO) TSO-C129A Level 2 (En route/Terminal) TSO-C129A Levels 1 or 3 (NPA)

Status of GNSS elements (cont’d) SBAS avionics: RTCA (EUROCAE) MOPS/MASPS RTCA DO-229C EUROCAE (under development) FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO) TSO-C145 TSO-C146

Status of GNSS elements (cont’d) GBAS avionics: RTCA (EUROCAE) MOPS/MASPS RTCA DO-24, 246 and 253 EUROCAE ED-95 FAA Technical Standard Order (TSO) under development

Further work on GNSS GRAS (ground-based regional augmentation system) GLONASS-M GPS L5 GALILEO Category II/III GBAS architectures to support aerodrome surface operations, guided take-off, curved approaches

Status in related areas Transition to WGS-84 Data base quality and integrity RF spectrum protection Procedures, criteria, phraseologies, charts Institutional and legal issues Costs and cost/benefit issues All familiar with these systems - more details in ICAO RF Handbook and SARPs (refer to handouts) NDB hundreds of kHz, to 5GHz primary radar 1-10 GHz Airborne radar, ASDE >10GHz VHF 19 MHz (118 -137) 1947: 200 kHz <100 channels 1954: 100 kHz 1967: 50 kHz 1974: 25 kHz 1995: 8.33 kHz (EUR) >2000 channels ... New technologies, eg VDL

WGS-84 and data base quality Steady progress is being made Some States notified differences Global implementation of GNSS not possible before world-wide compliance is achieved

GNSS spectrum aspects Current allocations Allocations to support system enhancements and expansion RF compatibility issues

Operational issues PANS-OPS criteria for basic GPS receiver available Criteria for SBAS and GBAS approach procedures under development Phraseologies and charting requirements under development NOTAM procedures reviewed Flight plan information reviewed

GNSS legal/institutional issues ICAO Assembly Resolutions A32-19 and A32-20 Work on legal aspects of CNS/ATM systems in progress 33 rd Session of Assembly reviewed status of work

Costs and cost allocations Assembly Resolution A32-19 Cost allocation issues multi-modal services allocation options Studies to continue

COM/OPS/95 Strategy (Annex 10, Volume I, Attachment B) Flexibility versus single standard Three standard systems included: ILS: Fully implemented; some sustainability issues exist or perceived MLS: Limited implementation; Categories I, II and III capability is proven and available GNSS: Category I capability to be validated; feasibility studies for Categories II and III to continue MMR implementation encouraged Time frames projections: Category I GNSS available 2000-2005 Category II, III GNSS available 2005-2015

Major trends since COM/OPS/95 GPS-based operations spreading (en-route, NPA) Augmentations development progresses with delays GLONASS declined GNSS (GPS) vulnerability recognized “Sole means” concept no longer advocated Development of new GNSS elements advances (GPS L5, Galileo) Marginal user support for SBAS and GBAS services

Policy aspects Emerging navigation issues require: revisions of the ICAO Global Air Navigation Plan for CNS/ATM Systems updates of the ICAO strategy for approach and landing operations amendments to SARPs affected by GNSS introduction Need for ICAO meeting established to review GNSS development status and navigation strategy

Conclusions Transition to satellite navigation is a long term commitment ICAO and industry standards available to support near-term and mid-term applications SBAS service, GBAS stations and respective avionics will be generally available in the near term Near-term focus to continue on approvals for en-route (oceanic and remote), terminal and NPA operations using basic GPS avionics Mid-term focus on SBAS-based APV and GBAS-based Category I PA

Conclusions (cont’d) Two core satellite systems and dual frequency operations to begin beyond 2010 User community commitment to transition is crucial factor ICAO 11th Air Navigation Conference (22 September-3 October 2003) to review GNSS status and navigation policy issues