Climate Change…What’s the BIG deal? Evolution PART TWO Macroevolution Speciation Basic Classification Climate Change…What’s the BIG deal?

Change over TIME How did we go from genetic drift Within a species (MICROEVOLUTION) to Completely different species (MACROEVOLUTION)?

Species Biological Species Concept: Individuals from one species must interbreed AND produce offspring that reproduce! Are the fruit flies in both pictures the same species? How can you tell? Problems with this concept? Some species can interbreed forming hybrids that may be able to reproduce! Some species reproduce ASEXUALLY!

Speciation When a species divides into two or more different species over time Geographical Barriers! Reduction of Gene Flow! POSSIBLE CAUSES:

Geographical Barriers An event causes a species to be physically divided or isolated from each other for a LONG TIME!

Reduction of Gene Flow Cannot successfully reproduce anymore! Jumping spider Courtship rituals differ! Preference change! Mating Seasons Different! Reproductive organs change! Migration Changes Appear Different!

Two MODES of Speciation: Allopatry & Sympatry Physical barrier induces genetic isolation Genetic isolation occurs within a “pod”

Role of MUTATIONS Polyploidy! Coding error in bases! Common In Plants!

Classification! Shows RELATIONSHIP and EVOLUTION of species! Grouping & Ordering Organisms Shows RELATIONSHIP and EVOLUTION of species!

Tree of LIFE!

New Evidence CAN change Tree of Life! HOW DO SCIENTIST KNOW? EVIDENCE BASED! New Evidence CAN change Tree of Life! Fossils! Development! Complexity! DNA!

How do scientists classify organisms? MOST Specific! Organisms are classified into groups & subgroups based on similar characterisitics MOST General!

LIVING OR NOT? NON-LIVING LIVING = TREE OF LIFE

Nucleus or not? Eukaryotes! Prokaryotes! Also Prokaryotes DOMAIN: ARCHAEA! Salt & Heat Loving microbes! Nucleus or not?

4 KINGDOMS! Protists Fungi Animals! Plants!