Union in Crisis/ Causes of the Civil War Chapter 2 Section 2

Lecture Focus Question How did the issue of slavery divide the Union? Explain.

Economic & Social Differences SOUTH NORTH Cotton gin → greater need for slaves South focused on plantation life Held onto antiquated social order Economy was industry- based, diverse Focused on city life Society evolved as people of different cultures and classes had to work together

State vs. Federal Rights Nullification: idea that states had the right to overrule federal laws Federal govt didn’t recognize this right! Nullification Crisis: SC nullified Tariff of 1828 → overruled by federal govt. Secession: act of withdrawing from a larger group

Slave vs. Non-slave Proponents New territories/states → Slave or free? Missouri Compromise of 1820: prohibited slavery in states north of the 36 ̊ 30’ parallel Compromise of 1850: created by Henry Clay to keep balance between slave and non-slave states/ northern and southern interests

Compromise of 1850 California admitted as a free state Sale of slaves forbidden Fugitive Slave Act: ordered all citizens to assist in the capture and return of all escaped slaves Kansas-Nebraska Act: voters in each territory would decide the issue of slavery via popular vote (popular sovereignty)

Brain Snack Why did attempts to compromise over the issue of slavery continue to fail?

Growth of Abolitionist Movement Uncle Tom’s Cabin Anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe Depicts reality of slavery Dred Scott v. Sanford Supreme Court ruled that slaves were property not citizens and therefore not protected by the Constitution John Brown’s raid on Harper’s Ferry Failed attempt to start an armed slave revolt in VA

Election of 1860 Lincoln wins presidential election of 1860 Lincoln states that all, including slaves, have right to life, liberty, and pursuit of happiness. South believed Lincoln was anti-slavery and in favor of Northern interests = anti-South!

Birth of the Confederacy Confederate States of America: new nation created by seceding Southern states South Carolina: 1st to secede on Dec. 20th, 1860. 6 states followed shortly after, and 10 in total joined the Confederacy. Richmond, VA: Confederate capital city

Birth of the Confederacy Jefferson Davis: president of the Confederacy Confederate Constitution: Protected sates right to secede, it’s independence, and protected slavery Fort Sumter: SC demanded that US Army abandon the fort, shots fired Civil War begins!

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