Anatomy and Physiology Miss Plumley Tissues Chapter 4 Anatomy and Physiology Miss Plumley

What is human tissue? Tissue Cells organized into groups and layers Each type of tissue is composed of similar cells specialized to carry on a particular function

Four Major Types of Tissue Epithelial Protective coverings, also used for absorption and secretion Connective Support soft body parts and bind structures together Muscle Produces body movements Nervous Conducts impulses that help control and coordinate body activities *Extracellular matrix: Nonliving portion of tissue

Epithelial Tissues -Found through out the body -cover organs, forms inner lining of body cavities, lines hollow organs -always exposed to the outside or open internal space Basement Membrane Nonliving layer that is found between the underside of epithelial tissue and connective tissue (basement membrane is part of the extracellular matrix)

Epithelial Tissue -Tightly Packed -Readily Divide Injuries can heal quickly and new cells replace lost or damaged ones -Lack Red Blood Vessels Receive nutrients from underlying connective tissue Classified according to shape and number of cell layers 1. Squamous: Thin, flat cells 2. Cuboidal: Cubed-shaped cells 3. Columnar: Elongated Cells 4. Simple: single layer 5. Stratified: two or more layers

Epithelial Tissue There are 9 Types of Epithelial Tissue 1. Simple Squamous Single layer, thin, flattened cells site where diffusion and filtration take place Example: They line the air sacs of the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged. Forms the walls of capillaries Lines the inside of blood and lymph vessels Covers membranes that line body cavities Tissue is easily damaged because it is so thin

Epithelial Tissue 2. Simple Cuboidal Epithelium Single layer of cube-shaped cells Central located spherical nuclei Covers ovaries Lines ducts of certain glands Salivary glands, thyroid gland Secretes glandular products Lines most of kidney tubules -Example: Functions in secretion and absorption

Epithelial Tissue 3. Simple Columnar Epithelium Elongated cells Single layer where nuclei is found near basement membrane Nonciliated Cells Lines uterus Lines most organs of the digestive tract, including the stomach and small intestine Example: Secretes digestive fluids and absorbs nutrients from digested food Ciliated Cells Help moving egg cells to uterus in the reproductive tubes of females

Epithelial Tissue 4. Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Stratified or layered cells Lines passage of respiratory system Ciliated Mucus covered Trap dust and move it out of the airways

Epithelial Tissue 5. Stratified Squamous Epithelium Thick tissue Lines oral cavity, esophagus, vagina and anal canal Example: A protein called KERATIN is not formed keeping these areas soft and moist Forms outer layer of skin (epidermis) Example: As skin cells age they accumulate KERATIN and then harden and die producing dry, tough skin

Epithelial Tissue 6. Stratified Cuboidal Epithelial Two or more layers of cubed-shaped cells Linings of salivary gland and mammary gland ducts

Epithelial Tissue 7. Stratified Columnar Epithelium Several cell layers Protection and Secretion Example: Part of male urethra, Vas deferens and part of the pharynx

Epithelial Tissue 8. Transitional Epithelium Prevent contents of the urinary tract from diffusing back into the internal enviornment Change response to increase tension Expandable lining

Epithelial Tissue 9. Glandular Epithelium Secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids Example: Salivary glands, sweat glands and endocrine glands

Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Assignment Create a Foldable Include all 9 types of Epithelial Tissue Description and picture is required for each type of Epithelial Tissue Explain where each type of tissue can be found in the human body Include the function of each tissue Pictures can be drawn or printed from the internet Complete work cited on the back of your foldable if necessary