Chapter 16 Review Mining

a mining company is required to post funds before beginning a mining project. decrease in taxes program bond forfeiture program increase in taxes program no programs exist

The Clean Water Act and the Safe Drinking Water Act ensure that __________ from mines do not threaten water quality. Ores Contaminants Minerals they do nothing for water quality  

The land recovery process required of mine operators is called ________ do nothing at all open pits reclamation subsidence

Acid mine drainage is contaminated _____ that results when acid dissolves toxic minerals that exist in mine waste. air soil salt water

A serious hazard of coal mining that can ignite and possibly burn for years is/are __________ underground fires subsidence forest fires house fires

Wildlife ________are protected by the Endangered Species Act only food only water habitats they are not protected by this act at all

The sinking of regions of the ground with little or no horizontal movement is called ________ erosion reclamation subsidence underground fires

Large piles of excess rock from mines are called _________ soil degration subsidence dumps placer

The process where crushed ore is melted at high temperatures to separate impurities from molten metal is called_______. under sea mining solar evaporation GANG smelting

Bends in rivers often have ____. stream placers placer deposits rock deposits the bends never collect any deposits

Solution mining is an economical mining method if mineral ores are ____ in water flammable non soluble soluble inorganic

Networks of entries in subsurface coal mines are called ______ rooms pillars cabin house

An open pit used to mine minerals like granite, limestone and marble near the surface is called a_________. solution mining surface coal mining quarrying

The second part of surface coal mining is to remove rocks that cover coal seams near the surface are called _______. It will be later put back during reclamation Subsidence placer deposit overburden GANG

The first step in finding a(n) _______ is exploring rock for mineralization. key slag ore deposit subsidence

A floating barge on which buckets fixed onto a conveyor excavate sediments is called a(n) _____. This can be a good way to mine gold. Dredge smelting open pit mining Evaporation

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together form a(n) _______ element compound atom mixture

A material that bonds with impurities and separates them from molten metal during smelting is called a___. .flux slag gang diamond

Metallic minerals conduct ____________________. Fires water electricity smoke

Gold, silver, and copper that occur in elemental form are called _____. non native elements native elements foreign elements immigrants

Ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks are called _______ veins vessels placer deposit smelting

The _____ sets standards to minimize the surface effects of coal mining on the environment. Clean Water Act Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Safe Drinking Water Act

The _____ regulates the release of hazardous substances into the air, soil, and water by mining. Clean Water Act Comprehensive Response Compensation and Liability Act Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act of 1977 Safe Drinking Water Act

What can contaminate a river during dredging? it does not have any negative effects placer deposits sea water muddy sediments

Surface mining can cause only air pollution. both air and noise pollution. only noise pollution. neither air nor noise pollution.

Reclamation is the process of removing coal from a subsurface seam. extracting ore minerals from gangue minerals. returning land to its original or better condition after mining. protecting the habitats of local wildlife.

From whom must mining companies obtain permits before mining a site? state and federal agencies state agencies only federal agencies only they do not need permits

Which of the following is not a regulation mining companies must follow? the Clean Water Act the Safe Drinking Water Act the Hazardous Products Act the Endangered Species Act

Collapse of _____ can lead to subsidence. solar evaporation ponds open-pit mines pillars in abandoned mines placer deposits

Which of the following is a water contaminant that can cause acid mine drainage? acid rain is not real Methane carbon dioxide sulfuric acid

A quarry also could be called an open pit. a longwall. the overburden. a pillar.

The layer of impurities on top of molten metal that forms during smelting is called slag. dredge. waste.

Which of the following would not likely be mined using solution mining? Gypsum Salt Potash sulfur

Placer deposits are surface mineral deposits that have been concentrated by surface mining. movement of wind and water. subsurface mining. evaporation and condensation.

Through _____, mining companies can identify areas where there may be valuable mineral resources. mineral exploration subsurface mining Smelting dredging

Which of the following is not a method of subsurface mining? room-and-pillar mining solution mining longwall mining open-pit mining

Acid mine drainage harms or kills aquatic life. is no big deal purifies streams. is unregulated in the United States.

Dredging streambeds may be an effective technique for mining salt. gold. coal. sulfur.

The first step in surface coal mining is to remove and set aside the soil that covers the area to be mined. to use heavy equipment to mine the land. to test to see if quarrying would be more effective. to make cuts in the coal for easier removal.

Gangue or GANG minerals are valued for their rarity and durability. have no commercial value. are the most difficult to mine. are native elements.

What must hot subsurface waters contain in order to be considered hydrothermal solutions? crystallized minerals gangue minerals dissolved minerals inorganic solids

What is one property that may be used to distinguish metallic from nonmetallic minerals? cost to extract carbon content Value electrical conductivity

Which of the following is not one of the ways that ore minerals may form? cooling of magma circulation of hydrothermal solutions through rocks flooding of empty streambeds and rivers evaporation of water that contains salts

Which of the following is not a characteristic of a mineral? naturally occurring usually an inorganic solid atoms in random geometric patterns orderly internal structure

Which of the following are minerals that contain valuable substances? native minerals gangue minerals ore minerals longwalls

Evaporates most commonly form in arid regions where rates of evaporation are high. rain forests where rates of evaporation are low. cold regions that receive significant snowfall. an area with frequent volcanic activity.

Extended response questions: How must soil be handled during surface coal mining to minimize environmental damage? What potential environmental problem caused by the smelting process must be controlled? How can this be done? How can surface mining completely transform ecosystems, even after reclamation? Explain reclamation and why it is necessary? Explain 3 of the 7 negative impacts of mining. 6pts