Thoracic Epidural Versus Intercostal Nerve Catheter Plus Patient-Controlled Analgesia: A Randomized Study James D. Luketich, MD, Stephanie R. Land, PhD, Erin A. Sullivan, MD, Miguel Alvelo-Rivera, MD, Julie Ward, RN, BSN, Percival O. Buenaventura, MD, Rodney J. Landreneau, MD, Lee A. Hart, RN, BSN, Hiran C. Fernando, MD The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Volume 79, Issue 6, Pages 1845-1850 (June 2005) DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.10.055 Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 1 Average postoperative composite pain scores. Black bars = epidural catheter; white bars = intercostal nerve catheter. The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2005 79, 1845-1850DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.10.055) Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions
Fig 2 Measurement of pulmonary function test preoperatively and postoperatively. (Epi = epidural; FEV1 = forced expiratory volume in 1 second; FVC = forced vital capacity; ICN = intercostal nerve; PEFR = peak expiratory flow rate; pre-op = preoperative.) The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 2005 79, 1845-1850DOI: (10.1016/j.athoracsur.2004.10.055) Copyright © 2005 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions