Referencing Harvard Style

Why do we reference? Demonstrate that you have carried out appropriate research. Demonstrate you have undertaken reading. Avoid plagiarism (acknowledge other people’s work) Good practice. Enhances the presentation of your work. Shows your writing is based on knowledge and informed. Enables the reader to trace the source.

What do you reference? All sources of information used in your writing. Referencing (Citation) is acknowledging other people’s work. Using a direct quote.

In Text Citation Authors Author’s name followed by the date of publication. E.g. Williams (2016) argues that …… Quoting an author briefly: E.g. Williams (2016:75) states that ‘Managers play an integral part …. Longer quotes – 2+ lines, start a new line and indent it. Quotation marks are then not needed. Every person is capable and has the desire to move up the hierarchy toward a level of self-actualization. Unfortunately, progress is often disrupted by failure to meet lower level needs… (Maslow 1943, 1954)

In Text Citation If there are 2 authors, you must cite both E.g. (Williams and Jones 2003) More than 2 authors use et al E.g. (Williams et al, 2003) Quotes from journals should follow the same format. If you have not read the quote direct then you would: (Williams 2002, cited in Morgan 2009) Then in the bibliography you would just reference Morgan 2009. Your Bibliography should be a list of texts/books that you have actually read.

Bibliography If it is an essay then split your Bibliography into Texts and Websites. Don’t split into journals and books. Anything cited in the main text should appear in your bibliography. Don’t use et al in the bibliography, it should be a complete list. Don’t bullet point or use numbers. Put your titles of books and journals in italics.

Websites In the essay show the website in brackets e.g. (Wikipedia, 2008) If you cite different pages from the same website, then add (a), (b) after the reference, then match that letter in the bibliography. In the bibliography give full details, URL, date accessed. (In alphabetical order)

Websites in text ‘Maslow's (1943, 1954) hierarchy of needs is a motivational theory in psychology comprising a five tier model of human needs, often depicted as hierarchical levels within a pyramid (Simply Psychology, 2007).

Example Report: Main Report Footnote

Example Continued In addition to the ‘in document’ citation and footnote, you will also have a Bibliography.

In the Bibliography Simply Psychology (2007) (Online) available from: http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html (Accessed 16th November 2016)

Online/Electronic books/journals Book on line/electronic Elliott, G.C. (2009) Family Matters. [Online] Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. Available from: http://www.mylibrary.com?ID=93941 [Accessed 18th June 2011] Journal article on line Gabe, J., Exworthy, M., Jones, I.R and Smith, G. (2012) Towards a sociology of disclosure: the case of surgical performance. Sociological Compass. [Online] 6, (11). Available from: doi: 10.1111/j.1751-9020.2012.00490.x [Accessed 4th February 2013]

Useful Guide Anglia Ruskin University Harvard Style. http://libweb.anglia.ac.uk/referencing/harvard.htm

RefME https://app.refme.com/home Choose your referencing style. Create your in text citations, footnotes and Bibliography.