Grade 7 Science Separating Mixtures.

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Presentation transcript:

Grade 7 Science Separating Mixtures

SEPARATION TECHNIQUES How do we separate heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures?

Separation of Heterogeneous Mixtures Mechanical Sorting: Used to separate the parts of a mixture based on properties such as particle size. Examples: floatation (this help you to skim the fat off soup) magnetism

magnetism floatation

FILTRATION: A common way to separate solid particles from a mixture. The filters can have holes of varying sizes… small to microscopic.

Oil filter Coffee filter Colander Furnace filter

3. EVAPORATION: Change of state from a liquid to a gas. Used to recover a solid solute from a solution. As the liquid (solvent) evaporates, the solute is left behind. Example: salt water

DISTILLATION: Simple distillation uses two changes of state: evaporation (solution must boil)and condensation (when cooling occurs). It allows you to recover BOTH the solute and solvent from a solution.

Simple Distillation Evaporation Condensation Residue (solute) stays behind condenser Distillate (solvent) is collected here

Fractional Distillation Fractional distillation is a process that uses the boiling points of substances to separate a complex mixture into its parts. The process is done in a two tower structure: shorter tower- petroleum is heated to change it into a mixture of gases. taller tower – gases are pumped here and the hot gases rise and cool.

PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY: Used to separate the colored substances in a mixture such as ink. Used to separate the solvents in a mixture.

SEPARATION TECHNIQUES IN THE HOME: What do these separate? Colanders Clothes dryers Window screens Coffee percolators Salad spinners Any others?