Jonathan Stanton Public Health Engineer

Oil and grease Heavy Metals- lead, zinc, and mercury Nutrients- phosphorous and nitrogen Chemicals Mud and Sediment Litter pH Coli form Bacteria

Bioswales Rain Gardens Pervious Pavements Rain Barrels Bioretention Facilities

Bioswales are landscaped elements to remove silt and pollution from surface runoff water Can remove pollutants from runoff such as sediment turbidity, heavy metals, oil and grease, and other pollutants Some pollutants are removed by vegetation whereas others are removed by the slowing of flow to allow for settling or biota consumption. So if we remove the sediment we remove a lot of the pollutants that are attached !! Bioswales can reduce TSS by 4-19% in general and can

Rain gardens are shallow depressions in landscape planted with trees, shrubs, and ground cover. Use layers of mulch, soil, and plant root systems where pollutants such as bacteria, nitrogen, phosphorous, heavy metals, and oil and grease are retained, degraded and absorbed. Removals can be around: Total Suspended Solids: 23% - 81% Total Phosphorus: 38% - 72% Nitrate (as N): 8% - 80% Lead: 62% - 91% Zinc: 63% - 76% Copper: 53% - 65 Cost can be around $10-$12 a square foot. Normal residential gardens are typically square feet in size.

Pavement designed to allow percolation or infiltration of storm water through the surface into the soil below where water can be naturally filtered and pollutants removed. Removals can be around: Total Suspended Solids: 95% Total Phosphorus: 65% Nitrate (as N): 82% Metals: 98-99% * Winer 2000 Cost is approximately 10-15% higher than traditional asphalts or pavements.

Rain barrels are one of the fastest growing storm water runoff tools and can be used in any residential or commercial application. Rain barrels are hooked into downspouts to capture all roof rainwater thus removing that water from the storm water system. A typical rain barrel can collect: 1 rain event; Roof area of 2400 sq feet 1 inch * (1 ft/12inches)*2400 sq. ft. * 7.48 gallons/ 1 cubic foot*75% capture rate= 1122 gallons of water captured! Cost of rain barrel about $80-$100

A bioretention facility promotes infiltration of storm water in order to reduce its volume, improve its quality, and increase groundwater recharge. The major function of these facilities is to increase the duration of underground ponding. Removals can be around: Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 81% Metals (Cu, Zn, Pb) > 51-71% Total Phosphorus 29% Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen 49% Ammonium 60-80% Organics 90% Bacteria 58% Cost of these facilities can be found by using the equation: C = 7.30 V 0.99 Where: C = Construction, Design and Permitting Cost ($) V = Volume of water treated by the facility (cubic feet) This amounts to about $6.80 per cubic foot of water storage.