Why is English related to other languages?

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Why is English related to other languages? Chapter 5: language Key issue 2

Language Terms Language Family Language Branch Language Group Collection of languages with common ancestral language from before recorded history Ex. Indo-European Language Branch Collection of languages with common ancestral language from several thousand years ago Ex. Germanic Language Group Collection of languages within a branch (above) with common, relatively new origin & few differences in vocabulary and grammar Ex. West Germanic: Afrikaans, German, English, Dutch

Branches of English

Indo-iranian Branch

Origin & diffusion of indo-European languages Proto-Indo-European (THE beginning language) Cannot be proven Nomadic Warrior Thesis (Gimbutas) Kurgans – living in steppes between Russia & Kazakhstan Earliest evidence from 4300 BC Domesticated horses: conquered much of Europe & S. Asia Sedentary Farmer Thesis (Renfrew) Proto-Indo-European at least 2000 years before Kurgans Anatolia (present-day Turkey) westward through Europe Migration and agriculture spread the language instead of conquest

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