Acids and Bases.

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Presentation transcript:

Acids and Bases

Acids: sour-tasting, water-soluble substances that are found in many common products. They are so reactive that they can combine with many other substances! Acids are good conductors of electricity! Important in the chemical industry: Example: sulfuric acid. Used in manufacturing fertilizers and explosives, refining oil, etc.

Examples of acids: Common Name Formula Source or Use Vinegar (acetic acid) HC2H3O2 Salad dressings Citric Acid HC6H7O7 Oranges, Lemons Ascorbic Acid HC6H7O6 Vitamin C Lactic Acid HC3H5O3 Sour milk Carbonic Acid H2CO3 Carbonated drinks Acetylsalicylic Acid HC9H7O4 Aspirin Sulfuric Acid H2SO4 Car batteries

Bases: bitter-tasting, water-soluble substances that feel slippery when in aqueous solution Also described as alkaline Bases are good conductors of electricity! Bases react with proteins to break them down into smaller molecules: Example: Drain cleaner can fix a drain clogged with hair, because the base breaks down the protein in the hair!

Ammonia window cleaner (Windex) Examples of bases: Common Name Formula Source or Use Sodium hydroxide NaOH Drain cleaner Potassium hydroxide KOH Soap, cosmetics Aluminum hydroxide Al(OH)3 Antacids Ammonium hydroxide NH4OH Ammonia window cleaner (Windex) Sodium bicarbonate NaHCO3 Baking soda Potassium sulfite K2SO3 Food preservative

The pH Scale Scientists use the pH scale to represent how acidic or basic a solution is. A very acidic solution has a very low pH value (0-5) A neutral solution, like pure water, has a pH of 7 A very basic (alkaline) solution has a very high pH value (8-14)

pH and Soil Plants differ in their preference for soil acidity! Sources of soil acidity include organic matter decay, naturally occurring acids, and acid precipitation. Lime (CaO) can be added to acidic soil to make the soil more basic.

pH and Cosmetics The acidity of a shampoo can have a definite effect on hair! The clear outer protein layer of hair is the cuticle. If a shampoo is basic, it can start breaking down the cuticle.

The pH of soaps and other cosmetic products can also affect skin cells. The pH of skin normally ranges between 5-6. Using basic products can remove the outer layer of dead skin cells! Hyperlink to pH balancing cleansers