Omega-3 fatty acids decreases oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta in hyperthyroidism-induced hepatic dysfunction rat.

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Omega-3 fatty acids decreases oxidative stress, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interleukin-1 beta in hyperthyroidism-induced hepatic dysfunction rat model Asmaa M.S. Gomaa, Ebtihal A. Abd El-Aziz Pathophysiology Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 295-301 (December 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.10.001 Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig 1 Levels of hepatic total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (A), total peroxide (TP) (B) and oxidative stress index (OSI) (C) in control, hyperthyroid and hyperthyroid omega-3 treated groups. Data are means±SD (n=8 in each group). * Statistically significant when compared to the control group. # Statistically significant when compared to the hyperthyroid group. Pathophysiology 2016 23, 295-301DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.10.001) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Levels of hepatic interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta) in control, hyperthyroid and hyperthyroid omega-3 treated groups. Data are means±SD (n=8 in each group). *Statistically significant when compared to the control group. # Statistically significant when compared to the hyperthyroid group. Pathophysiology 2016 23, 295-301DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.10.001) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Photomicrographs of sections of the liver of control, hyperthyroid and hyperthyroid omega-3 treated groups (×200). Sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin (A, D, G), PAS (B, E, H) and Masson's trichrome stains (C, F, I). Control group shows cords of polyhedral hepatocytes (H) radiating from the central vein (CV) and separated by blood sinusoids (A) with a strong PAS-positive reaction of the cytoplasm of hepatocytes (arrow) (B) and a scanty amount of collagen fibers (arrow heads) (C). Hyperthyroid group shows cellular degeneration (arrow heads), marked dilatation and filling of a blood vessel with RBCs (asterisk) (D1) and focal area of mononuclear cell infiltration surrounding the central vein (arrow) (D2). Weak PAS-positive reaction in the cytoplasm of most of hepatocytes (arrow) (E) and excess amount of collagen fibers in between hepatocytes (arrow heads) (F) are present. Hyperthyroid omega-3 treated group appeared more or less like control group as most hepatocytes showed a relatively normal appearance (H) (G), with a PAS-positive reaction in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes (arrows) (H) and a decreased amount of collagen fibers in between liver cells (arrow head) (I). Pathophysiology 2016 23, 295-301DOI: (10.1016/j.pathophys.2016.10.001) Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. Terms and Conditions