What is the Global Water Challenge? Laura Keating Global Strategy Institute Center for Strategic and International Studies March 23, 2007

Parameters Challenges Solutions

The Global Water Challenge: PARAMETERS

Per Capita Water Availability SCARCITY

80% 90%

ACCESS 1.1 BILLION 2.6 BILLION

United Nations Development Program: Not having access to clean water is a euphemism for profound deprivation. ACCESS

Populations without access to improved drinking water sources in 2002 (millions of people) Source: Millennium Assessment Program Africa (295) Western Asia (23) Southeast Asia (115) South Asia (234) East Asia (303) Latin America & Caribbean (60) Eurasia (20) Developed Regions (15) Oceania (3) ACCESS

Chinese SEPA: more than 70% of water in five out of seven major water systems is too polluted for human use QUALITY

Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: 5%-25% unsustainable Millennium Ecosystem Assessment: 5%-25% current use is unsustainable ECOSYSTEMS

ACCESS SCARCITY QUALITY ECOSYSTEMS

The Global Water Challenge: COSTS

Human Development Challenge Economic Challenge Security Challenge

Gathering Water minutes per day Uganda: 660 hours/family Africa: 40 billion working hours Human Development

Water-related Disease 50% of developing worlds hospital beds 1.8 million diarrheal deaths 17% of all child mortality

Human Development Text 10-year-old girl in El Alto, Bolivia: Of course I wish I were in school. I want to learn to read and to write... but how can I? My mother needs me to get water and the standpipe here is only open from You have to get in line early because so many people come here.

Economic Challenge $170 billion = 2.6% $23.5 billion $29 billion sub-Saharan Africa Latin America $34 billion $66 billion South Asia East Asia

Economic Challenge

Security Challenge Whiskey is for drinking, water is for fighting over

Water Conflict Security Challenge Waters Importanc e + Water Trends =

Conflict or Collaboration? Global number & type of events related to international river basins, Extensive military act Small- scale military act Political/m ilitary hostile action Diplomatic/ economic hostile action Strong official verbal hostility Mild official verbal hostility Neutral non- significant act Mild verbal support Official verbal support Cultural/ scientific agreement or support Economic/ Technical agreement or support Military econ. strategic support Intl. water treaty Conflict Collaboration

Security Challenge

The Global Water Challenge: SOLUTIONS

Mobilize technologies 1

Integrated Water Resource Management 2

Rational pricing 3

Multilateral cooperation 4

Conclusion

re/

What is the Global Water Challenge? Laura Keating Global Strategy Institute Center for Strategic and International Studies March 23, 2007