Essentials of Public Speaking Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team Chapter 12 Essentials of Public Speaking Cheryl Hamilton 5th Edition Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D. Chapter 12 – Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team Key Ideas Definition of Persuasion Types of persuasive speeches Preparing a persuasive speech Effective team presentations Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team Flashback . . . The Greek general Pericles was known for the power and persuasion of his oratory. He convinced . . . The Delian Defense League to transfer their war treasury to Athens (for safe keeping). The Athenians to use this money for peace, not war— To rebuild the Acropolis (previously destroyed by the Persians). To build the Parthenon. To build the Great Temple of Athena. Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Overview of Persuasion Persuasion occurs when you ethically but intentionally organize your communication to influence the attitudes, behaviors, and choices of a specific audience (p.277) Persuasion is intentional Persuasive speakers use influence not control Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Persuasive vs. Informative Speeches Persuasive speeches include . . . Supporting materials that prove Language and style involves an emotional appeal Forceful, direct, stylistic delivery that supports the speaker’s credibility Organizational patterns such as problem-solution or motivated sequence that can influence audience opinion Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Parts of an Effective Argument The Aim - a position statement or the conclusion you hope your audience will reach The Evidence – supports the claim with materials The Warrant – justifies the evidence and shows how it supports the claim Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

The “Means of Persuasion” Ethos – the ethics or character of the speaker Pathos – refers to the emotional needs of the audience Logos – the logical proof used to support arguments Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Types of Persuasive Speeches Speech to Convince – asks the audience to agree with the speaker’s position Speech to Actuate – urges audience members to . . . Continue doing something Stop doing something Never start doing something Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Types of Persuasive Speeches Speech to stimulate or intensify social cohesion Getting the audience more motivated, enthusiastic, and or productive Getting the audience to recommit to a cause The key is on vivid emotional appeals and forceful, dynamic delivery Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Preparing a Persuasive Speech Select the topic Select a topic that fits the assignment Select a topic that is controversial Select a topic you feel strongly about Select a topic you already know a lot about (if possible) Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Preparing a Persuasive Speech Decide on a position statement Statement of Fact: Is something true or false? Statement of Value: Is something good or bad; right or wrong; wise or beautiful Statement of Policy: using facts and value judgements to recommend a policy or solution Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Preparing a Persuasive Speech Decide on the type of speech Convince Actuate Stimulate or intensify social cohesion Analyze audience attitudes toward your position Opinions Beliefs Values Needs Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Preparing a Persuasive Speech Prepare a rough-draft outline Research your topic Positions for and against your position Answers to major audience objections Additional benefits Select the best supporting materials Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Preparing a Persuasive Speech Determine best how to organize main points Consider speech type Consider type of position statement Consider assignment requirements Choosing the best persuasive pattern Statement of fact – Claim, Cause-Effect-Solution Statement of value – Claim, Criteria Satisfaction Policy – Motivated Sequence Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Using the Motivated Sequence Attention Step – grab listener’s attention Need Step – focus audience attention on a specific problem Satisfaction Step – present a solution Visualization Step – present a future for the audience (improved or undesirable) Action Step – challenge audience to take action Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Plan Introduction and Conclusion Plan the introduction Attention getter Motivation to listen Evidence of your credibility State purpose and preview main points Plan the conclusion Summarize main points and position Conclude with a memorable ending and challenge Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Preparation Outline and Speaking Notes Helps you better evaluate organization and arguments Formally structured Include transitions to link arguments List of references Brackets to indicate visuals Speaking Notes Prepare last Use few words Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Prepare Visual Aids and Rehearse Sketch out possible slides to make Prepare visuals according to graphic and text guidelines Rehearse Delivery effects credibility Practice on your feet Practice speaking with a strong enthusiastic voice Practice with visual aids Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Characteristics of Team Presentations A team is composted of 5 – 7 members Involves collaborative organization and presentation of content by team members Uses one of the following public discussion formats: Form Symposium Panel Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Effective Team Presentations Well-organized, well-supported, smooth flowing content Creative, professional and well-used Visuals Smooth polished, and dynamic team performance Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Problem Solving for Teams Identify the problem When did the problem first arise? Who is affected? What are the implications? When must the problem be solved? Analyze the problem Determine what is known about the problem Determine audience objections about the problem Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Problem Solving for Teams Establish Criteria for solutions List possible solutions Evaluate solutions against the criteria Discuss how to implement solutions Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Team Presentation Formats Forum Open audience participation Team addresses audience issues Symposium Each tem member present 2 – 20 minute speech on one aspect of the topic Purpose of instruct or persuade Panel No formal speeches presented Team members informally discuss the problem or issue Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team

Essentials of Public Speaking Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team Chapter 12 Essentials of Public Speaking Cheryl Hamilton 5th Edition Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D. Chapter 12– Persuasive Speaking: Individual or Team