Body & Behavior
How Are Genes & Behavior Linked? Evolution- fundamentally shaped psychological processes b/c it favors genetic variations that produce adaptive behavior
Biopsychology & Neuroscience How Genes & Behavior Linked innate- “programmed” for… evolution- process: generational adaptation to environment natural selection- survival of the fittest
Genetic & Inheritance Nature v Nurture!!! genetics influence??? genotype- genetic make-up [blueprint] phenotype- observable physical characteristics & “wiring” of brain chromosomes- genes are organized genes- encodes directions for inherited characteristics DNA- molecule encoding genetic characteristics Nature v Nurture!!!
How Does the Body Communicate Internally? communication systems… nervous & endocrine **use chemical messengers
Brain organ control center… communication learning emotions memory oxygen & energy
Protecting the System components… damage =
Structure of System
core control monitoring body... Nervous System neurons - synapses - monitoring body... sensory – cell gathers motor – cell sends
Nervous System Organization Peripheral nervous system Central nervous system (CNS) Autonomic nervous system Somatic nervous system Sympathetic nervous system Parasympathetic nervous system
Nervous System @ Work chemical message… neurotransmitters – (dopamine / serotonin / norepinephrine)
Nervous System @ Work plasticity- synaptic pruning
Nervous System @ Work mirror neurons** somatic ns (SNS) autonomic ns (ANS) sympathetic parasympathetic** thalamus relays messages mirror neurons**
Endocrine System @ Work 2nd system: messages via glands hypothalamus = conductor pituitary = “master gland” hormones = growth digestion sexual reproduction
How to Study? electroencephalograph (EEG) computerized axial tomography (CAT scan) magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) positron emission tomography (PET)
Studying & Recording CAT Scan MRI MRI CAT
Studying & Recording PET PET
Studying & Recording FMRI
Studying & Recording MEG Magnetoencephalography
Phineas Gage
Present Day Happenings
Brain Diagrammed
Limbic System
Lobes
Frontal Lobe Personality Goal Directed Behavior attention & concentration planning Fine Motor Personality judgment / reasoning emotional expression creativity Expressive Language
Parietal Lobe Bodily sensation Language comprehension Speech Visual & Spatial abilities
Temporal Lobe Complex vision Hearing Balance & equilibrium Emotions & motivation Perceptual judgment Memories
Occipital Lobe Vision Limbic System Pain Hunger “Fight” or “Flight” Responses Emotions / Motivations Memories
Brain Power
Gender Differences Physical structure Functionality **strengths & weaknesses**
Brain Problems
(briefly explain reasoning) Lobe Assignment #1 If a fly lands on your forearm and you both see and feel it, which causes you to swing your other hand at it, which lobes of the brain are involved in this event? (briefly explain reasoning) #2 You hear your favorite song, what lobes go into action? #3 Create your own & answer
Leftie or Rightie? look at the spinning woman… if she is turning right your right side of your brain is working . if she is turning left your left side of your brain is working .
The Brain Stem and Cerebellum Thalamus Pons Cerebellum Medulla Brain stem
The Limbic System Hypothalamus – blood-testing lab Amygdala – memory & emotion [fear & aggression] Hippocampus – long-term memories
Lobes of Cerebral Cortex Frontal (movement & thinking) Parietal (sensation & spatial info) Occipital (contain visual cortex) Temporal (process sounds, including speech)
Hemispheres of Brain
Specialization of the Cerebral Hemispheres Left Right Repetitive not spontaneous speaking Spontaneous speaking & writing Responses to complex commands Responses to simple commands Word recognition Facial recognition Memory- words & #s Memory- shapes & music Sequences of movements Spatial interpretation Emotional responsiveness Feelings of anxiety Positive emotion Negative emotion
Optic nerve Optic chiasm Optic tract Lateral geniculate nucleus Optic radiation Primary visual cortex
Cerebrum Cerebrum – topmost layer Cerebral cortex – gray-matter covering of cerebrum; **thinking & perceiving Cerebral hemispheres – halves of cerebrum, connected by ??