Exam review for unit one (chapters 1 & 2) The Roman Empire Exam review for unit one (chapters 1 & 2)
Attila Known as the “Scourge of God”
Augustus Caesars’s adopted son, created Pax Romana (peace and prosperity) in his empire
Material Culture Tools, jewelry, and other objects of daily life
Corruption Use of a position of trust for dishonest gain
Primary Source Eyewitness record created at or near the time of an event Been there, done that!
Moat A trench filled with water that protected Constantinople
Patriarch The bishop of Rome, Jerusalem, Antioch, Constantinople, or Alexandria
Icon A holy image, usually a portrait of Jesus or a saint
Catholic Universal or concerned with all people
The Roman Republic Was established around 510 B.C.
Latifundia A place where the poor people were tenant farmers but were not slaves
Historical Interpretations Often change over time as more information is found to tell a more thorough story.
Rome’s Success Good Emperors (Augustus, Trajan, Hadrian, Nerva, Marcus Aurelius) Strong well disciplined army Roman roads, bridges, and defenses such as forts and walls
Caracalla (in 212 AD) Made Roman subjects more loyal by granting citizenship to more people
Use of German soldiers in the Roman Army: Weakened the army because they felt no loyalty to Rome
One reason Christianity spread through the empire: Constantine allowed Christians to practice their religion without persecution.
Slaves Did not have the same rights as a Roman man
Scholars and Traders Took ideas and goods home from Constantinople to spread Byzantine culture.
Hagia Sophia Cultural Achievement of the Byzantine Empire When Prince Vladimir of Kiev Sent representatives to Constantinople where they saw the Hagia Sophia. They reported “We only know that God dwells there among men.”
Constantine’s Military Victories Ended a period of power struggles
Eastern Orthodox Church Influenced Slavic cultures because Cyril and Methodius invented the Cyrillic Alphabet for Slavic languages
Justinian Demanded that a group of lawyers rewrite Roman laws because the laws were confusing and disorganized.
Early Christian Church Relied on organization to survive competition from other religions
Constantinople’s Defenses Thick, high walls Skilled Navies Moats But they were no match for Greek Fire
Missionaries Brought writing and religious teachings to Slavic lands
Justinian’s main objective as emperor Was to restore Rome’s lost empire
Essay Questions: How did problems and weaknesses inside the Roman Empire help destroy it? Why did the Roman Empire change from being a republic to being ruled by an emperor? Why was Constantinople a better location for the capital of the empire than Rome? Explain how the pope’s attempt to enforce apostolic succession made it possible for the Byzantine emperor to become the head of the Eastern Orthodox Chuch.
Rubric for essays Citing 5 points Own Words 5 points Quote from text 5 points Correct answer 15 points Total for each question: 30 points