The Pollution Status of Surface Sediments along the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea Mürşide Sur, Halil. I. Sur, Reşat Apak, Erol Erçağ 1.

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The Pollution Status of Surface Sediments along the Turkish Coast of the Black Sea Mürşide Sur, Halil. I. Sur, Reşat Apak, Erol Erçağ 1

2 Resources (petroleum and natural gas, minerals, etc.) Record of past processes and conditions on the earth. ( Rates of continental erosion and transport by rivers, Biological activity in surface waters etc.) Aquatic life Sediment Pollution: Contaminants & loose particles from soil, rock, suspended in a body of water settle to the bottom Why sediments are important ?

3 Antropogenic : can be result of (directly & runoff) Mining IndustrialDomestic Agricultural * Metal form (org,inor, dis,part.) *Presence of other substances *Water system (T,S,DO, pH,current,etc) *Biological system (age,size,activity etc) Natural: Weathering of rocks and soil Atm * Dissolution, *Sorption onto org. inorg particles * Precipitation * Transportation * Products of weathering and erosion *Biogenic particles produced *Chemical precipitates Sources of sediment &pollutants River Sea Water Sediment

4 Background (2) Al:8Cd:0,3Cu:57Pb:20Hg:0,4V:130 Sampling Stations in Autumn Hâkanson, L. (1980). An ecological risk index for aquatic pollution control. A sedimentological approach. Water Research 14: doi: / (80) doi: / (80) Krauskopf, K. B. (1967). Introduction to geochemistry. International Series in the Earth and planetary sciences. Mc Graw- Hill, USA

5 C M L Contamination Factor of Aluminum Sampling Stations Kaolinite: (Al 2 Si 2 O 5 (OH) 4 ) Al ; moderately enrichment (Yomra)

6 Contamination Factor of Cadmium C M L Sampling Stations Cd; considerable level enrichment (Bartın)

7 VH >6 C M L Contamination Factor of Copper Sampling Stations Cu; Very high level enrichment (SK1 )

8 Contamination Factor of Lead C M L Sampling Stations Pb; considerable level enrichment (SK1 )

9 Contamination Factor of Mercury Sampling Stations Hg; Very high level enrichment (Giresun) VH C M L

C M L 10 Contamination Factor of Vanadium Sampling Stations Essential for some species, accumulate in tunicates, ascidians V; Very high level enrichment (Yeşilırmak R)

11 The degree of sediment contamination in the Black Sea VH C M L

12 Facilities: Iron-stell, Paper, Thermal-power plant Coal region, ındustrial chemicals, fertilizer, textile, wood,cement- ceramic Copper production Thermal-powerplant Tea &hazelnut, Copper smelting, Fertilizer plant, Cement Industrial chemicals Food, Textile, cigarettes Wood Food, cement, paper Paper, food Cement, tea-plant Cigarettes, hazelnut, food Mercury (old mine) Tea-plant, cigarette, wood,smelting

13 Ranking order of sediment contamination

14 SourceMetals Smelters, Mining and manufacturing (ceramics, cement..) Al,Cu,Pb, V,Cd, Hg Metal based industries; electroplating, steel industry Cd, Cu, Pb, V Batteries Cd,Pb, Hg Paints Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg,V Petroleum refineries and coal manufacturing Burning of fossil fuel Power plant (coal-oil fired) Pb, Hg, V Water treatment and pipe system Al, Cu, Pb Agricultural to prevent disease,fertilizer Cd, Cu, Pb, Hg Catalyst (Chlor-alkali plants, )Hg, V Instruments,Medical,thermometer,lampHg Paper and pulpHg

SUMMARY *SK1 Very high contaminated *SK2Considerably contaminated * Şile Low degree contaminated * EBS considerable degree contaminated * WBS moderately contaminated Hg and V dominant pollutants Al, Cd, Cu, Pb moderately or low level pollutants To prevent; * Erosion control (stream bank fencing, reducing impervious surfaces, creating rain garden, strip cropping etc.) *Waste water treatment – industrial -domestic, 15 untreated Industrial, domestic waste discharges Agricultural runoff

16 THANK YOU