2018/7/28 GridMonitoring: Secured Sovereign Blockchain based Monitoring on Smart Grid Authors: Jian-Bin Gao, Kwame Omono Asamoah, Emmanuel Boateng Sifah, Abla Smahi, Qi Xia, Hu Xia, Xiao-Song Zhang, and Gui-Shan Dong Source: IEEE Access, Vol. 6, pp. 9917-9925, 27 Feb. 2018 Speaker: Kai-Fan Chien Date: 2018/9/20

Outline Introduction Preliminaries Design Formulation Design Approach 2018/7/28 Outline Introduction Preliminaries Design Formulation Design Approach Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design Discussion Conclusions

2018/7/28 Introduction(1/2) Smart grid & Smart home 52147

!!! +$ Introduction(2/2) ??? The data can be compromised. 2018/7/28 Introduction(2/2) The data can be compromised. Billing(usually month) Details of billing are not revealed to consumers. They don’t know which electrical appliances consume more power. !!! +$ ??? 52147

Preliminaries(1/2) Sovereign Blockchain Network 2018/7/28 Preliminaries(1/2) Sovereign Blockchain Network Processing and Consensus Nodes Node Verification Blockchain Node Meter ID House number Area code Consumer information Block

+ A B C Preliminaries(2/2) 10 $ 20 $ 30 $ Smart contract .sol Compile Local Bytecode Deploy Contract Ethereum

Design Formulation(1/5) 2018/7/28 Design Formulation(1/5) User Layer The User Layer comprises all the entities who access electricity from the utility company.

Design Formulation(2/5) 2018/7/28 Design Formulation(2/5) Data Processing and Monitoring Layer Help in processing all the data sent to the smart grid network.

Design Formulation(3/5) 2018/7/28 Design Formulation(3/5) Registration and Authentication Layer Comprises of the registrar and the authenticator. Unique ID is generated for the user. Authenticated by the authenticator using this unique ID.

Design Formulation(4/5) 2018/7/28 Design Formulation(4/5) Smart Contract Identify malicious usage of electrical power and electrical data. Smart Contracts Database This is a report violation storage and action center on the sovereign blockchain network.

Design Formulation(5/5) 2018/7/28 Design Formulation(5/5) Energy Center The power is later distributed to clients on the network based on tariffs paid per month. Data Center Research purposes.

Design Approach(1/2) Registration and Authentication Layer 2018/7/28 Design Approach(1/2) Registration and Authentication Layer User’s meter ID is generated and the data is shared with the authenticator. Area code of where the user resides is added and then linked to a smart meter. The user is given access to electricity. 1. Requests 2. Meter ID 4. Meter ID 5. Electricity 3. Area code 2. Meter ID Processing and Consensus Nodes

Design Approach(2/2) Smart Meter Processing and Consensus Nodes Node 2018/7/28 Design Approach(2/2) Smart Meter Processing and Consensus Nodes Node Verification 52147 Meter readings Node Blockchain

Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(1/3) 2018/7/28 Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(1/3) Smart Contracts Design Report the state of data on the smart meter. Violations on consumer data that happens on the smart grid network. Send reports to the smart grid network. Also leave alert messages on the screen of the smart meter for the consumer.

Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(2/3) 2018/7/28 Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(2/3) Parent Block Structure The block header is hashed with SHA-256 as done in the Bitcoin headers. Time to purchase power (TTP) Time to process the transaction (TPT) Time power starts reading (TPR) Time power reaches threshold value (TPRT) Time power gets finished (TPF) Meter ID (MID) House number (HN) Amount of power purchased (APP) Processing node ID (NID) Signature of processing node (Nsig)

Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(3/3) 2018/7/28 Smart Contracts and Sovereign Blockchain Design(3/3) Side Block Structure A side block is made of a format and this format is derived by appending a section of the main blocks ID to an ID generated by consensus nodes to the side block. Timestamp of violation (TSV) Timestamp of state of smart meter (TSM) Meter ID (MID) House number (HN) Type of violation (TVLN) Processing node ID (NID) Processing node signature (Nsig)

Discussion(1/3) Information sharing Efficient data manageability 2018/7/28 Discussion(1/3) Information sharing Efficient data manageability Data immutability Data immutability refers to the data being unalterable. Blockchain Customer control This metric refers to customers being able to control their power usage.

Discussion(2/3) Data integrity Data provenance and auditing 2018/7/28 Discussion(2/3) Data integrity By blockchain. Data provenance and auditing Smart contracts.

2018/7/28 Discussion(3/3) [19] S. Rusitschka, K. Eger, C. Gerdes, "Smart grid data cloud: A model for utilizing cloud computing in the smart grid domain",  Proc. 1st IEEE Int. Conf. Smart Grid Commun., pp. 483-488, Oct. 2010. [20] A. R. Metke, R. L. Ekl, "Security technology for smart grid networks", IEEE Trans. Smart Grid, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 99-107, Jun. 2010. [21] M. Mylrea, S. N. G. Gourisetti, "Blockchain for smart grid resilience: Exchanging distributed energy at speed scale and security",  Proc. Resilience Week, pp. 18-23, 2017. [22] F. Ye, Y. Qian, R. Q. Hu, "An identity-based security scheme for a big data driven cloud computing framework in smart grid",  Proc. IEEE Global Commun. Conf. (GLOBECOM), pp. 1-6, Dec. 2014.

Conclusions Sovereign blockchain-based system and smart contracts. 2018/7/28 Conclusions Sovereign blockchain-based system and smart contracts. This model enhances the transparency.