SPECIALIZED CELLS

Recall… CELLS are the basic unit of structure and function in living things

Level of Organization Cells Tissues Organs Organ System Organism

Levels of Organization

Specialized Cells Organisms have many different types of cells and each has it’s own function. each has physical and chemical differences suited to their functions.

Blood Cells Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets Carries oxygen and carbon dioxide White blood cells Fight infection and disease Also known as leukocytes Derived from bone marrow Platelets Clotting

Epidermal (Skin) Cells Overlap to provide protection and reduce water loss No blood vessels, nourished by oxygen from air

Bone cells Collect calcium from food Allow for growth and repair of bones Help create the body’s skeleton

Muscle Cells Long and thin to help change size easily Capable of contraction (shortening) Function: Move muscles which move skeleton

Sperm Cells Mobile cell with a flagellum (tail) and lots of mitochondria. Nucleus is large proportion of the cell Pointy front to penetrate egg Function Male gamete for sexual reproduction Mitochondria provide the energy for mobility

Nerve Cell Long extensions that carry messages a long distance through the body

Photophore Cells Cells that can emit light! Found on animals that are active at night or deep ocean dwellers

Adipose (fat) Cells Spherical cell with large fat-filled vacuole Nucleus pushed to edge. Function: Fat storage-cell filled entirely with fat

Stem Cells A cell that can differentiate into different cells (skin, liver, muscle, nerve, brain) Capable of replicating themselves over long periods Unspecialized

Embryonic Stem Cells Can become any cell in the adult body Found in newly fertilized eggs or cells produced from the first couple of cell divisions (blastocyst)

Cord Blood Banking Umbilical Cord blood is rich with stem cells can be stored in the event that a child would need it Ex: Leukemia

Adult Stem Cells Can only differentiate into a limited number of types of cells closely related to the stem cell type Found in most organs in the body of adults to replace dead or damaged cells Bone marrow can differentiate into WBC, RBC or platelets (ex: leukemia)

Homework Pg 60 # 1-6 Review for quiz pg 64 #1-12 Pg 66 # 1-11,14,15,17,24