Authority of the Church during Medieval Times

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Authority of the Church during Medieval Times

Authority of the Church WHY?! religion unified people during political turmoil and warfare Even though everyday life was hard, anybody could receive the Seven Sacraments and achieve salvation. Through the priest, the sinner could receive absolution and be rescued from spending eternity in hell. When Charlemagne was crowned Roman Emperor, it was clear the Church sought to influence both spiritual and political matters.

Structure of the Church Seven Sacraments Baptism Confirmation Holy Communion Confession Marriage Holy Orders The continuation of Christ’s priesthood Anointing the Sick Hierarchy of Power Pope Cardinal Archbishop Bishop Priests Monks

Canon Law All medieval Christians, kings and peasants alike, were subject to canon law (Church law) Matters like marriage and religious practices Established courts to try people accused of breaking canon law Harshest punishments: Excommunication Banishment from the Church and you were denied salvation (meaning you could not go to Heaven) Interdict Sacraments & religious services could not be performed in the king’s lands

Church Authority: Canon Law Pope used excommunication and interdict as political weapons A disobedient king might get excommunicated If king continued to disobey Pope, an interdict could be issued against him Remember, sacraments & religious services could not be performed in the king’s lands As Christians, the king’s subjects believed that without such sacraments they might be doomed to hell, so the king lost his authority

The Church & The Holy Roman Empire Otto I Otto wanted to limit the power of the nobles and form an alliance with the Church, so he invaded Italy on the Pope’s behalf The Pope crowned Otto emperor in 962 This created Holy Roman Empire

Emperor Clashes with Pope Pope Gregory VII He resented the fact that kings, like Otto, had control over clergy He banned lay investiture in 1075 Ceremony in which kings and nobles appointed church officials Henry IV Called a meeting of bishops and ordered Gregory to step down from the papacy Pope Gregory excommunicated Henry Bishops & priests sided with the Pope Henry decided he wanted the Pope’s forgiveness

Emperor Clashes with Pope Showdown at Canossa January 1077 – Henry traveled to this town in the Alps and waited in the snow for three days, begging for forgiveness Pope Gregory forgave Henry Henry had been humiliated, but he felt triumphant and rushed home to punish rebellious nobles