WHAP Chapt 9 Part 2 Mr Pack

Whapt CHAP 9 Part 2 After the Fall of Rome , Roman provinces controlled by Germanic tribes ruled by Chieftains (no central government). Feudalism forms- political, military unity that link lords together Manorialism- peasants tied to the land to supply labor and agriculture to their lords.

Whap Chapt 9 Part 2 8-9 century- the Franks organize Germanic kingdoms together through military conquest (King Clovis ruler from 481-511). Clovis converts to Christianity- increases his support (from other kingdoms and pope) Clovis descendants- Charles Martel (The Hammer) victor at the Battle of Tours in 732 that halts Islamic expansion into Europe, and Charlemagne (742?- 814)

WHAP Chap 9 Part 2 Charlemagne expands empire- protects Europe from Viking raiders Charlemagne- administrative system (counties) governed by a count Charlemagne sends out royal agents (missi dominci) as the “eyes and ears” to report on count behavior Charlemagne makes presence known by moving throughout Empire- crowned Holy Roman Emperor (800 CE) by Pope Leo III(act symbolizes superior authority of church)

Whap Chapt 9 Part 2 After Charlemagne dies his Carolingian empire is eventually spilt into thirds after Treaty of Verdun in 843. Charlemagne often called “The Father of Europe.” Serfdom develops- (manorialism system) serfs work land owned by nobles in exchange for protection- crop rotation system (3) develops in 9th century, better plows, stirrups, horsecollar, windmills used Barter system used (no money)

WHAP Chapt 2 Monasteries develop- Benedictine rule (poor, chaste, obedient, daily prayer, manual labor) written by Benedict in 540. Monasteries operate schools, protect refugees, maintain libraries, copy books Catholic church has great power- sets canon law (rules for behavior) Pope could excommunicate individuals or issue an interdict to expel ALL people in a ruler’s realm.

Church hierarchy medieval times

WHAP Chapt 9 Part 2 Investiture controversy- Kings and Pope disagree on who can appoint bishops Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV actually is excommunicated by Pope Gregory VII- Goes on penitent walk to Canossa, waits outside gates for 3 days before begging Pope to reinstate him to the church. Henry IV later sacks Rome after Pope Gregory supports a rival, causing Gregory to flee Rome.

WHAP Chap 9 Part 2 Antipope Clement II reigns in Rome for 20 years, while other Pope’s rule in exile Investiture Controversy ends in 1122 at Concordant of Worms 1215- Magna Carta, King John signs guaranteeing rights of Nobility Norman Conquest- William of Normandy invades and conquers England in 1066 at the Battle of Hastings.

WHAP Chap 9 Part 2 Crusades-reconquer Holy Land (Jerusalem) Reason for crusades- religious fervor (“God wills it!”), glory, plunder, remission of sins In 1096 50-60,000 knights join crusades First crusade successful, all others fail Islamic general Saladin retakes Jerusalem in 1187.

WHAP Chap 9 Part 2 Result of Crusades- spur economic growth- survivors return with silks, porcelain, carpets, perfumes, spices, etc.