THE GAS LAWS pp. 70 to 73

TEMPERATURE Temperature is a measure of how fast the particles in an object are moving. The faster the particles are moving, the more energy they have.

VOLUME Volume is the amount of space that an object takes up. The volume of a gas depends on the container the gas is in.

PRESSURE Pressure is the number of times the particles of a gas hit the inside of the container.

Boyle’s Law This law is named for Robert Boyle, who studied the relationship between pressure, p, and volume, V, in the mid-1600s. Boyle determined that for the same amount of a gas at constant temperature, an inverse relationship exists between pressure and volume: when one goes up, the other comes down. PTV ruler pressure volume

Use PTV ruler to help solve gas law problems

13.2 Boyle’s Law When you squeeze a fixed quantity of gas into a smaller volume the pressure goes up.

Boyle’s Law at Work… Doubling the pressure reduces the volume by half. Conversely, when the volume doubles, the pressure decreases by half.

Charles’ Law This law is named for Jacques Charles, who studied the relationship volume, V, and temperature, T, around the turn of the 19th century. This defines a direct relationship: With the same amount of gas he found that as the volume increases the temperature also increases. If the temperature decreases than the volume also decreases. PTV ruler volume temperature

Charles’ Law at Work… As the temperature increases, the volume increases. Conversely, when the temperature decreases, volume decreases.