Functional Bladder Problems Emmanuel Chartier-Kastler  European Urology Supplements  Volume 6, Issue 12, Pages 710-716 (July 2007) DOI: 10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017 Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 The α1-adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin significantly reduced bladder wall hypertrophy in obstructed patients. Bladder wall hypertrophy was evaluated by ultrasound-estimated bladder weight (UEBW) [11]. NS=not significant. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 710-716DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Results from interactive voting on a representative case indicate that an urodynamic study is the preferred tool for diagnostic evaluation. Surprisingly, watchful waiting and cystoscopy are still frequently chosen. Only a minority of the participants chose urethrocystography as a diagnostic tool. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 710-716DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 3 Results from interactive voting indicate that about half of the participants chose a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) as treatment option for a patient with bladder outlet obstruction, whereas a prostatic stent was a less favoured option. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 710-716DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 4 Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A) injections significantly decreased daytime and nighttime urinary frequency as well as the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score for bladder pain at 1- and 3-mo follow-up [18]. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 710-716DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 5 Cyclosporine A significantly decreased 24-h micturition frequency compared with pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS) in patients with interstitial cystitis (IC) [19]. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 710-716DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 6 Results from interactive voting indicate that approximately an equal amount of participants chose between a urodynamic study and cystoscopy under general anaesthesia, and bladder biopsies as the tool for diagnostic evaluation of a patient with painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC). One of five delegates opted for the voiding diary. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 710-716DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions

Fig. 7 Results from interactive voting on a representative case indicate that medical treatment, bladder hydrodistension, and bladder instillations are the preferred treatment options, whereas pelvic floor rehabilitation and surgery are less chosen therapies. European Urology Supplements 2007 6, 710-716DOI: (10.1016/j.eursup.2007.03.017) Copyright © 2007 European Association of Urology Terms and Conditions