Clinical Factors Associated With a Short Survival Time After Percutaneous Nephrostomy for Ureteric Obstruction in Cancer Patients: An Updated Model  Alia Alawneh, MD, Wa'el Tuqan, MD, Ayoub Innabi, MD, Yanal Al-Nimer, MD, Ola Azzouqah, MD, Dalia Rimawi, SP, Ayat Taqash, SP, Maan Elkhatib, MD, Pål Klepstad, MD, PhD  Journal of Pain and Symptom Management  Volume 51, Issue 2, Pages 255-261 (February 2016) DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.09.009 Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 1 Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival for all 211 patients. Survival rates at one, three, six, and 12 months were 85.3%, 62.1%, 46%, and 33.7%, respectively. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2016 51, 255-261DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.09.009) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions

Fig. 2 Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival according to risk groups. Risk factors for poor outcome are low serum albumin before PCN (<3.5 g/dL), presence of pleural effusion, and bilateral hydronephrosis. Patients were stratified to four prognostic groups: zero risk factors (32 patients), one risk factor (85 patients), two risk factors (78 patients), and three risk factors (16 patients). Median survival (95% CI) for each group was 17.6 months (14.03–42.23), 7.7 months (5.05–10.56), 2.2 months (1.34–3.6), and 1.7 months (0.75–2.16), respectively. The difference in the survival of the three prognostic groups was statistically significant. PCN = percutaneous nephrostomy. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management 2016 51, 255-261DOI: (10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.09.009) Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine Terms and Conditions