Chapter 2 Study Guide

1. An official announcement: Proclamation 2. To cancel a law: repeal 3. Representatives to a meeting: delegate 4. Another word for a king or queen: monarch

5. a crop produced mainly for sale: cash crop 6. Duty: a tax on an imported good 7. to refuse to buy: boycott 8. Magna Carta: a document that King John was forced to sign in 1215. This document introduced and established the idea of limited government. It limited the king’s power and forbade him from placing certain taxes on the nobles without their consent. It gave rights to free men such as equal treatment under the law and trial by ones peers.

9. Parliament: the name of England's law making body 10. Who wrote Common Sense? Thomas Paine- it was a pamphlet that was published in 1776 that argued it was common sense for the colonists to rebel against the king’s “violent and abusive power”. Paine used ideas from John Locke to make his argument for independence

11. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence? Thomas Jefferson 12. What is a legislature? Lawmaking body

13. Who created the world’s first democracy where all free men over 18 were considered citizens? Greece 14. Limited Power: the principle that a ruler or a government is not all powerful-the Magna Carta established this principle in 1215 when King John was forced by the nobles to sign it 15. Legislature: law making body

16. What act taxed items such as glass, paper, lead, and tea-was meant to help pay off war debts after the French and Indian War? The Townshend Acts 17. What was the act that Great Britain passed that made it illegal to meet in town without permission from the government? The Massachusetts Government Act

18. How did Parliament react to the Boston Tea Party 18. How did Parliament react to the Boston Tea Party? They passed the Coercive Acts, which they hoped would scare the colonists into respecting British rule

19. What was the first permanent English colony in North America 19. What was the first permanent English colony in North America? Jamestown 20. What was the Boston Tea Party? It was an event that occurred after Great Britain passed the Tea Act. Angry colonists boarded ships carrying the British tea and dumped the tea into the Boston Harbor in protest.

21. What was the first legislature in the colonies 21. What was the first legislature in the colonies? House of Burgesses which was founded at Jamestown. This was the first representative democracy that was seen among the colonists in North America 22. Describe the English Bill of Rights: This was a document that was signed that made it so no king could violate the rights of English citizens. It also marked the end of the struggle between Parliament and the king-Parliament had won and became the leading force in English government

23. Describe the First and Second Continental Congress: in September 1774 delegates from 12 colonies met in Philadelphia to plan a response to the Coercive Acts. The delegates decided to send a letter to the king asking that Britain respect the colonists rights because they were still considered English citizens. The Second Continental Congress met in May of 1775. This meeting was different as Congress met as a governing body for the colonists to decide if they colonies would declare independence or peace- by spring 1776 more than half the delegates agreed to declare independence

24. Describe the Mayflower Compact: an agreement made by the Pilgrims who landed in Massachusetts after leaving England. The signers of the compact established a direct democracy 25. see #22 26. Which county had a lot of influence over the American colonies? Great Britain/England 27. What was the difference between he democracy in Rome and the democracy in Greece? Rome was a republic (representative democracy-a government in which citizens choose a smaller group to govern on their behalf) and Greece was a direct democracy- a form of democracy in which the people vote firsthand

28. What are the freedoms people possess relating to life, liberty, and property- natural rights

29. Describe the influence of Thomas Hobbes-people agree to be ruled because their ruler pledges to protect their rights John Locke- people have rights to life, liberty, and property that the government must protect for the common good Voltaire- people have the right to speak freely, and this right should be defended by everyone Montesquieu- separate the parts of government so no one part can become too powerful Rousseau- the legislative power belongs to the people

30. What event led to the king of England taxing the colonists without representation in order to pay off war debt? The French and Indian War 31. What was one result of the English Bill of Rights? The citizens had rights no king could take away, it ended the power struggle between Parliament and the king. Some of the rights include: no cruel punishment. No taxation without parliaments consent, freedom of speech in Parliament, no standing army in time of peace without Parliament’s consent 32. Describe the Pamphlet “Common Sense”-it was written by Thomas Paine and argued for independence. Paine thought the colonists should be independent because of how the king was treating them

33. What influence did the Magna Carta and English Bill of Rights have on the government of the United States? The Magna Carta provided the founders of our country with the idea of limited government so the government does not become to powerful, resulting in them violating the citizens rights. The English Bill of Rights provided the founders of our country with the idea that citizens have rights that no ruler can take away=once again ensuring the protection of their citizens rights

34. What are two complaints the colonists had against the king? Taxation without representation Violation of the English Bill of Rights Ex. From Declaration if Independence- refused his assent to laws, the most wholesome and necessary for the public good. Refused to pass other laws for the accommodations of large districts of people, dissolving the house of Representatives, has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices, and the amount of payment of their salaries

35. What was the main purpose of the Declaration of Independence: to explain to the world why the colonies should be free from Britain's rule 36.

37. Describe the Petition of Rights. How did it limit the government 37. Describe the Petition of Rights. How did it limit the government? The Petition of Rights was a document that Parliament forced King Charles to sign. It sought out no taxation without representation, no imprisonment without cause, no quartering of soldiers on subjects no martial law in peacetime

38. The Enlightenment Era 39. How is the United States government similar to the Roman Republic? We have a republic government. We elect representations to represent our view points in government and speak on our behalf.

Things to Add to the Study Guide What are three inalienable rights that are guaranteed by the Declaration of Independence? Life, liberty, and pursuit of Happiness How has John Locke influenced the American government? His ideas about the social contract and natural rights exist in government What ideas about government did Jefferson draw on in writing the Declaration of Independence? He drew on Greek ideas about democracy, John Locke’s ideas about social contracts and natural rights. Rousseau’s and Voltaire’s ideas about people’s right to freedom

36. What key events led to growing colonial support for independence 36. What key events led to growing colonial support for independence? Parliament’s Coercive Acts, King George’s attitude, Thomas Paine’s Common Sense, the enlightenment thinkers and their ideas on government (people have rights, government should be by the consent of the governed