St. Johns County Agricultural Agent

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Presentation transcript:

St. Johns County Agricultural Agent Dwight K. Jesseman St. Johns County Agricultural Agent

Nematology Basic Principles for Master Gardeners

Types of Nematodes Plant Parasitic Predatory Entomophagous Free Living Marine

Plant Parasitic

Predatory

Entomophagous

Free Living

Marine

Morphology and Anatomy Animals Round Worms Size 0.25mm to 3.0mm Layered Cuticle Vermiform, Globose, Kidney Shaped

Layered Cuticle

Vermiform

Globose

Kidney Shaped

Life Cycle and Reproduction Egg - 50 to 500 Four Juvenile Stages Adult Male and Female in Most Species Life Cycle Dependant on Soil Temperatures Move Slowly

Egg and Juvenile

Feeding Oral Stylet or Spear Inject Enzymes Digest Cell Contents

Oral Stylet

Host- Parasite Relationship Migratory Ectoparasitic Ring, Spiral Migratory Endoparasitic Lesion, Burrowing Sedentary Endoparasitic Root-Knot, Cyst, Reniform, Citrus

Migratory Ectoparasitic

Migratory Endoparasitic

Sedentary Endoparasitic

Diagnoses Very Difficult at Times Poor Growth Combination of Problems Assay of Soil and/or Plant Tissue Symptoms

Above-Ground Rarely Sufficient Chlorosis Dieback Melting out Reduced Growth Water Stressed

Reduced Growth

Below-Ground Root Galls Root Swellings Abbreviated Root System Root Rot Cyst Nematodes

Root Galls

Abbreviated Root System

Cyst Nematodes

Field History Gradual Decline Area - Small to Large Rotation of Crops

Laboratory Assay Soil and Plant Tissue Relative Population Densities Economic Thresholds

Nematode Management Prevention Crop Rotation Crop Root Destruction Flooding and Fallowing Resistance Biological Control Nematicides

Home Garden Container Growing Site Selection Crop Rotation Soil Tillage and Root Destruction Amendments Organic Matter Green Manures

Home Garden Planting Time Nematode - Free Transplants Resistant Varieties Soil Solarization Chemical Control

Soil Solarization Cover for at least 4 weeks Well Tilled High Moisture Slightly Raised Beds Crown the Bed

Soil Solarization Clear Polyethylene Thin Plastic 1 to 2 mil Leave in Place Until Planting Avoid Contaminated Plants or Soil

Soil Temperatures Tarped Soils 111 to 122 115 - Water Molds 120 - Nematodes 140 - Most Fungi 150 - Most Soil Insects 160 - Most Viruses and Bacteria 170 - Most Weed Seeds

Ornamentals Site Preparation Treat Soil Replace Infested Soil Fumigation Soil Solarazition Replace Infested Soil Root Barriers

Ornamentals Nematode-Free Stock Well Adapted Plants Resistant Plants Maintenance Mulches Other Pests Chemical Control

Turf Biological Controls Resistant Plants Chemical Control Fumigation Before Planting

Resistance Bahiagrasses - Tolerant of Most Centipedegrasses - Ring, Sting, Sheath St. Augustinegrasses -Sting, Lance Bermudagrasses - Sting, Lance, Stubby Zoysiagrasses - Most nematodes

Basimid Granular Use Compost Piles Potting Soils Seed and Propagation Beds Soil Media Establishing Turf and Ornamental Sites Not for Use in Vegetable Gardens READ THE LABEL, IT IS THE LAW

Questions