The Renaissance

Renaissance The age of reform 1400’s-1700’s Humanism Art Science Music Religion Self-Awareness

Humanism Combination of Reasoning and Empirical Evidence Emphasizes knowledge being as important as obedience in religion Study of the 5 humanities Poetry Grammar History Moral Philosophy Rhetoric

Art Not just painting but also architecture Sculpting All the Ninja Turtles will be in this age Michaelangelo Donatello Raphael Leonardo

Science Invention of Printing Applied Mathematics Looking to the stars The “discovery” of Gravity Ship building becomes more advanced

Religion Reformations Christianity evolves Protestant religions are created Persecution ramps up, leads people to want to flee persecution

Self Awareness Europeans become more interested in their own humanity We begin an era where culture is exploding and our knowledge about the world is expanding

Gutenberg’s Printing Press In 1440 Gutenberg creates an improved printing press that revolutionized mass communication Permanently changed society Information could now be mass produced and mass distributed The Catholic Church would lose its hold on the distribution of religious text

Lingua Franca The Lingua Franca is the language in which all international relations are performed For example, the Lingua Franca today is English In 1500 the Lingua Franca is Latin In England at this time, the literacy rate for women is somewhere near 2%, for men it is roughly 10%

Enter Martin Luther Born in Germany in 1483 Well Educated, Masters degree in Grammar, logic, rhetoric, metaphysics His life is one of constant questions Continues to study at the University of Wittenburg

Luther’s Reformation Reformation: to reform, or drastically change Luther went to Rome to a meeting of the Catholic church leaders and became disillusioned with the Catholic church Disillusioned: feeling out of touch with the teachings of an institution Feels like there is a lot of corruption in the Catholic Church

The Protestant Reformation In 1513 Luther read the first line of Psalm 22 In 1515 he prepares a lecture on Paul’s Epistle to the Romans where he reads the “just will live by faith” Discovers that salvation is not fear and enslavement but rather faith and trust

95 Theses In 1517, Pope Leo X (the tenth) announced a new round of indulgences to raise money for St. Peter’s Basilica Indulgences: money paid to the catholic church to forgive you of sins October 31, 1517 CE, Martin Luther nails a paper with 95 complaints or discussion points onto the door of Wittenburg Chapel Called the Papacy the Anti Christ

Impact of the Reformation Revolutions and revolts throughout Europe Political shift: the church and governments begin to separate Political revolution is more popular Unified a country under a single language Literacy rises? How? Do any of you have non denominational religious texts in your homes? How many copies?

The Printing Press in all of this Before Luther, the bible was printed in only 1 language: Latin Luther wanted the bible, and through it “salvation” available to every man Luther translated the bible into German, more importantly into the German he knew, which became the standard for the German Language

The Age of Discovery Exploration for the 3 G’s: Gold, Glory, and God Europeans begin to expand and trade with surrounding cultures Very expensive to travel to the indies If a man could find a cheaper route he would be rich Gold, the G that drives the “discovery” of America

Age of Discovery

Countries leading the Way England John Cabot: First European to explore Newfoundland since the vikings Netherlands Henry Hudson (Sailed for England): Tried to find the Northwest passage. A sea route through North America France Jean Ribault: Explored Florida Samuel de Champlain: Settled Quebec Portugal Bartolomeu Dias: First Explorer to travel around the Cape of Good Hope Vasco De Gama: First European to SAIL to India Ferdinand Magellan: Accomplishments of Magellan Spain Christopher Columbus