Bellringer In which stage of Piaget’s cognitive development do children understand the principle of conservation?

The goal of this assessment is to identify your dominant parenting style, not to look for any downside or negative labeling regarding how you parent your children. Number a piece of paper as follows (you’ll answer 1 section at a time): Section A (1-10) Section E (11-20) Section P (21-30) For each statement, choose: Agree (A) = 4pts Mostly Agree (MA) = 3pts Mostly Disagree (MD) = 2pts Disagree (D) = 1pt If You Had Kids .

NOTES: Social Development Socialization – learning the rules of behavior for the culture in which you are born. Ideas about what is meaningful, valuable, worth striving for, and beautiful. Judgments based on family, sex, age, skills, personality, etc Learning to live with other people and yourself.

3 Theories of Social Development Sigmund Freud- Psychosexual Erik Erikson- Psychosocial Kohlberg- Moral Development

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Freud believed “all children are born with powerful sexual and aggressive urges.” In learning to control these impulses, children acquire a sense of right from wrong.

Freud’s Theory of Psychosexual Development Stage Ages Focus Major Development Adult Fixation Example Oral 0-1 Mouth Weaning smoking or overeating Anal 1-3 Anus Toilet Training Orderliness, messiness Phallic 3-6 Genitals Resolving Oedipus or Electra Complex Deviancy Latency 6-12 None – sexual thoughts are repressed Child focuses on developing social and intellectual skills None Genital 12+ Reaching full sexual maturity If all stages were successfully completed, then the person should be sexually and mentally healthy.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Erikson believed that social approval plays an important role in human development. The way we handle certain issues - and the reaction that gets from others - impacts the way we develop.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Stage Basic Conflict Important Events Outcome Infancy (birth to 18 months) Trust vs. Mistrust Feeding Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliabilty, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust. Early Childhood (2 to 3 years) Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt Toilet Training Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Stage Basic Conflict Important Events Outcome Preschool (3 to 5 years) Initiative vs. Guilt Exploration Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt. School Age (6 to 11 years) Industry vs. Inferiority School Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.

Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Stage Basic Conflict Important Events Outcome Adolescence (12 to 18 years) Identity vs. Role Confusion Social Relationships Teens needs to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self. Yound Adulthood (19 to 40 years) Intimacy vs. Isolation Relationships Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.

Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years) Erikson’s Theory of Psychosocial Development Stage Basic Conflict Important Events Outcome Middle Adulthood (40 to 65 years) Generativity vs. Stagnation Work and Parenthood Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world. Maturity(65 to death) Ego Integrity vs. Despair Reflection on Life Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.

Lawrence Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development Kohlberg studied the development of moral reasoning – deciding right from wrong – by presenting children of different ages with a series of moral dilemmas.

Identify which stage of moral development influenced your decisions for each scenario Level I: Preconventional moral reasoning Stage 1 “might makes right” Punishment/obedience orientation: self-interest Stage 2 “look out for number one” Instrumental/relativist orientation: quid pro quo Level II: Conventional moral reasoning Stage 3 “good girl, nice boy” Proper behavior for the social approval Stage 4 “law and order” Proper behavior of the dutiful citizen, obey laws Level III: Postconventional moral reasoning Stage 5 “social contract” Mutual benefit to all, obey society’s rules Stage 6 “universal ethical principles” Defend right/wrong, not just majority, all life is sacred (reflective)

Kohlberg’s Moral Dilemmas You’ll read 4 different moral dilemmas and will be asked to answer questions based on what you think the characters should do and why. Please respond on your assignment paper. This will be done in your groups. Original Group, summarize the dilemma on the paper and then give your group’s answers to each question. Next group, read dilemma and original group’s summary. Mark where you agree and/or disagree with previous group. So forth and to et cetera.