Warm Up A 2008 study on students graduating with an Associates degree from public community colleges found the following levels of student debt. None 62% Less than $10k 23% Between $10k and $20k 10% More than $20k 5% Use this information to make a bar graph.

Two-Way Tables – Marginal Distribution A 2002 study by the Gallup poll examined the perceived risk of smoking among smokers and non-smokers. The study included 241 smokers and 502 non-smokers. Risk: Smokers Non-Smokers Very harmful 145 432 Somewhat harmful 72 50 Not too harmful 17 15 Not at all harmful 7 5 What percentage of the individuals in the study believe that smoking is very harmful? 2) What percentage of the individuals in the study believe that smoking is not at all harmful?

Two-Way Tables – Conditional Distribution A 2002 study by the Gallup poll examined the perceived risk of smoking among smokers and non-smokers. The study included 241 smokers and 502 non-smokers. Risk: Smokers Non-Smokers Very harmful 145 432 Somewhat harmful 72 50 Not too harmful 17 15 Not at all harmful 7 5 Is the perceived risk of smoking different for smokers vs. non-smokers? Describe any significant differences and similarities between the 2 groups.

Practice The Princeton Review in 2009 published survey results of 12,715 high school students and 3007 parents of high school students. One question that was asked: “How far from home would you like the college your child attends to be?” Students Parents < 250 miles 4450 1594 250 – 500 miles 3942 902 500 – 1000 miles 2416 331 > 1000 miles 1907 180 1) Describe any significant differences or similarities between the distance from home students and parents would like their college to be. 2) Make a suitable side-by-side bar graph for this data.

Simpson’s Paradox In 1973 UC – Berkeley was sued for sex discrimination. The data on admission rates to graduate school (in percent) looked pretty convincing. Men Women Accepted 44 35 Denied 56 65 Ultimately UC – Berkeley won the case. Any thoughts on why?

Simpson’s Paradox – Page 2 Looking at the data in more detail, men applied more often to science and engineering programs, which have a relatively high acceptance rate. Women applied more to humanities and liberal arts, which have fewer openings. Men Women Science and Engineering Accepted 377 (49%) 85 (80%) Denied 399 (51%) 21 (20%) Humanities Accepted 51 (26%) 92 (23%) Denied 145 (74%) 308 (77%)