Exploration & Exchange 12.4.15

FREE WRITE (in your notebook): Under what circumstances should people challenge their religious leaders?

The Protestant Reformation (1450-1565)

DEFINITION The Protestant Reformation was a major split within Western Christianity. After the Reformation, the Christian church breaks into 2 parts.

Outline of our Lesson: Reformation key concepts The Problems with the Church Three main problems A Unique Time Three reasons it happened when it did Martin Luther: The man who started a revolution The Catholic Response Results

Part 1: The Reformation Key Concepts Attack on the Christian church Beginning of Protestant Christian tradition Christian church divides in two – end of religious unity in the West

The Christian Church divides in two: CATHOLIC CHURCH CATHOLIC CHURCH REFORMATION ISM PROTESTANTISM (AKA “Christianity”)

PART 2: The Church’s Problems Greed Indulgences Corruption

1. Greed Charges of greed Church was making lots of $$ from tithes Gathering more land from wars Acting more like a power-hungry country than a sacred institution

2. Indulgences Sale of indulgences These were pardons for sins – people would get out of repenting Gave people the impression they could buy their way into heaven

3. Corruption Corruption of church officials and pope Priests frequently married, drank too much or gambled Pope Alexander VI admitted that he fathered several children

Mini Quiz You will discuss the question quietly with your partner Then 1 of you will text in your answer

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Part 3: A Unique Time Why did the Reformation happen when it did? Cultural reasons Technological reasons Spiritual reasons

A. Cultural Better educated, urban population Kings were growing impatient with the power of the Church Society was more humanistic and secular

B. Technology: The Printing Press 1450: Gutenberg invents printing press Helped spread ideas before Catholics could squash them Intensified criticism of the Church

C. Spiritual Growing interest in mysticism and religious zeal among European masses Call for a return to the simplicity of the early Church

Part 4: Martin Luther Parents wanted him to be a lawyer, became a monk instead He becomes upset by the sale of indulgences and other corruptions in the Church

95 Theses Luther writes a document called “The 95 Theses” – 95 statements about things that were wrong with the church Posts his 95 theses on the door of the castle church in Wittenberg, Germany on October 31, 1517

Luther’s Statements Luther attacks the Pope and idea of excommunication Also attacks indulgences

Luther’s Key Ideas Popes should not have the exclusive right to interpret the Bible & they could make mistakes Everyone should be able to interpret the Bible for themselves People could win salvation only by faith in God (not “good works” or $) All people of faith are equal (people don’t need priests to interpret the bible for them)

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The 95 Theses Spread Someone copied them down and printed them His ideas spread like wildfire

How do you think the Church will respond? Free Write How do you think the Church will respond?

Part 5: Catholic Response Angered Pope Leo X He ordered Martin Luther to be examined at Augsburg

AugsbUrg There, in 1518, Luther said that he did not consider the papacy (the pope) part of the biblical church The meeting becomes a shouting match Luther escaped from the city at night

Pope Threatens Luther In 1520, the Pope issues an edict (statement) saying that Martin Luther risked excommunication unless he recanted 41 sentences of the 95 Theses Luther burned the edict publically Leo excommunicated Luther

Church Actions Church bans the 95 Theses Orders Luther to come speak at the Diet of Worms (religious council)

Diet of Worms Martin Luther is forced to come speak about the 95 Theses Declare whether the books were his and if he still stood by them Luther declared that he did: “I cannot and will not recant anything, since it is neither safe nor right to go against conscience. May God help me.”

Protestantism As Luther fought with the church, his ideas spread like wildfire Ultimately this leads to the creation of a new branch of Christianity: Protestantism

Exploration & Exchange 12.7.15

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Part 6: Results of the Reformation Germany was politically weakened & fragmented Christian Church splintered in the West 100 Years of Religious Warfare Pope’s power increased Furthered societal individualism & secularism

Results of Reformation (cont.) Growing doubt & religious skepticism Political stability valued over religious truth Witch craze swept Europe in the 1600’s Between 1561-1670, 3000 people in Germany, 9000 people in Switzerland and 1000 people in England were executed as witches