Conflict in China Zhou introduced the idea of Mandate of Heaven when they took power from the Shang – they became weak Qin Shi Huangdi took power in China (221 B.C) defeated the Zhou Prince of the Qin Clan, Survived plots to have him killed so he couldn’t take the throne – his clan was in line for the throne Divided china into 36 districts to better manage his empire Often had to sent agents to stop unrest Some people were unhappy that he became King – didn’t die because of assassination attempts Created autocracy - Government with unlimited power

A Program of Centralization Built highways, irrigation projects - increased trade Standardized law, writing, and money Everybody had to follow the same laws, use the same language, use the same money A way to control the people’s actions in society – they all follow a “way” of living laid out by the emperor Qin forced peasants to build the Great Wall Protected China from northern invaders 500,000 peasants and 300,000 soldiers worked on and died at the wall Over 3,880 miles long currently Also famous for ordering the construction of the terracotta army

A Program of Centralization Qin was paranoid – Ruled harshly and taxed his people a lot Was paranoid because of assassination attempts in the past – didn’t trust even his own mother Anybody who spoke out against him was usually killed in some manner – gruesome to set an example Scholars and books criticizing Qin were executed/destroyed

Foundation of the Han Dynasty 210 B.C. – Qin died and his son took the throne 206 B.C. – Qin general led revolt –established the Han dynasty Killed Qin Emperor/Family - Lasts for 400 years (Classical Civilization) Han Wudi (141 – 87 B.C.) - strongest Han emperor – “Martial Emperor” Expanded empire into Korea/Vietnam Drove back Xiongnu nomads to Central Asia (barbarians) Established civil service examination/university – produced well trained bureaucracy Peace is referred to as Pax Sinica – Chinese Peace

Silk Roads and Trade Silk production increased under the Han Was of high quality – wanted as far Roman empire and Persia Routes connecting China to other lands were called the Silk Roads Goods like Silk, Porcelain, Gold, Spices were traded Also Brought Buddhism from India to China Secret to silk remained a closely guarded secret under the pain of death

The Fall and Return of The Han The Pax Sinica does not last: Peasants lose land to large landowners Huge rich - poor gap; people lose access to food Disease spread through Silk Roads Bubonic Plague, measles, smallpox A.D. 9 – Government official Wang Mang seizes power and stabilizes empire Tried to redistribute estates to poor peasants – wasn’t wel received – assassinated A.D. 23 - Han regain control – lasts till A.D. 220 due to Yellow Turban Rebellion – millions died Empire is divided into three kingdoms The Fall and Return of The Han

DBQ Paragraphs DBQ Document Groups Documents 1 and 2 focus on Greek philosophers’ view of life Documents 1 and 4 focus on human ability Documents 3 and 5 focus on the introduction of Democracy in Athens On a separate sheet of paper, you will use your documents to write the body paragraphs to the DBQ Use your DBQ Body Paragraph Outline to write them Turn them in when they are complete