Great Plains Settlers.

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Presentation transcript:

Great Plains Settlers

Cowboys What do you know? #1 True or False? The career of a cowboy lasted from about 25 years of age to about 40 years of age.

True! 40 was old for a cowboy because of the large amount of riding and work required. #2 True or False? The most frequent cause of death for a cowboy was from Native American’s or cattle rustlers.

False! Pneumonia or riding accidents caused most cowboy deaths #3 True or False? Cowboys had to be expert marksmen to protect the herd from cattle rustlers and Native American raiders.

False!! A cowboy probably did not carry a pistol. If any gun was carried it would be a shotgun. Odds are very good most cowboys never shot anyone. Does this surprise you? It is probably due to old western movies like this one…

Key Occupations Miner: Search for precious metals and valuable minerals out west. Prospectors hope to get rich quick Odds of success are not good Cowboy: Raised Longhorn Cattle Profit from a demand for beef in Northern cities Located in southern Great Plains (Texas) Cattle Drive – Annual Journey; carry cattle herds to railroad depot. Long, dangerous trip: heat, Native Americans, rivers, storms

Key Trails – Help western towns grow Chisolm Trail : Texas to Abilene, Kansas Baxter Trail : Texas to Kansas City, MO Goodnight – Loving Trail : Texas to Cheyenne, Wyoming

Homestead Act Farmers lived on plots of land called homesteads Homestead Act (1862) – Federal government plan to give 160 acres of free land to any settler who would move out west and improve the land for 5 years. Exodusters – nickname for African Americans who moved out west to escape problems of South and receive free land. Lived in Sod Homes; nicknamed a “soddy” Faced hardships: droughts, Native American attacks, loneliness

Technology Technology was needed to make farming more productive in the Plains states. Steel Plow – to break up the thick soil (sod) Steel Windmill – needed to pump underground water Mechanical Reaper – to harvest crops Barbed Wire – to prevent animals from destroying crops Transcontinental Railroad – to transport crops to market for selling

Problems faced on the great plains Conflicts with Railroad Companies Developed/ bought land, then sold land to settlers at higher prices Charged premium rate for shipping Corrupt Business of Railroads Lack of Competition – few lines went through the Great Plains Settlers faced high prices as a result High Freight Rates – amounts charged for shipping goods Charged more for short hauls – no competition Conflicts with Native Americans Indian Wars Competition for resources like land, water, and buffalo cause fights Last major battles between the Native Americans and American settlers