Midlife contributors to socioeconomic differences in frailty during later life: a prospective cohort study Prof Eric J Brunner, PhD, Martin J Shipley,

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Midlife contributors to socioeconomic differences in frailty during later life: a prospective cohort study Prof Eric J Brunner, PhD, Martin J Shipley, MSc, Sara Ahmadi-Abhari, PhD, Carlos Valencia Hernandez, MD, Jessica G Abell, PhD, Prof Archana Singh-Manoux, PhD, Prof Ichiro Kawachi, PhD, Prof Mika Kivimaki, PhD The Lancet Public Health Volume 3, Issue 7, Pages e313-e322 (July 2018) DOI: 10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30079-3 Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 1 Study profile Full information about the number and proportion of participants with frailty measurements at each clinic is provided in the appendix (p 6). The Lancet Public Health 2018 3, e313-e322DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30079-3) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions

Figure 2 Age-standardised frailty and pre-frailty observations by employment grade and sex Error bars show 95% CI. Figure shows age-standardised frailty (A) and pre-frailty (B) by employment grade and sex as a proportion of person-observations in the total population, and age-standardised frailty as a proportion of person-observations in those meeting at least one of the five frailty components (ie, excluding non-frail person-observations; C). Tests for trend by employment grade were all p<0·0001 except for men in C, which was p=0·0026. The Lancet Public Health 2018 3, e313-e322DOI: (10.1016/S2468-2667(18)30079-3) Copyright © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license Terms and Conditions