Industrial Revolution
Objectives Analyze why life changed as industry spread. Summarize how an agricultural revolution led to the growth of industry Outline the new technologies the helped trigger the Industrial Revolution Understand why Britain was the starting point for the Industrial Revolution Describe the changes that transformed the textile industry. Explain the significance of the transportation revolution. Explain what caused urbanization and what life was like in the new industrial cities Compare and contrast the industrial working class and the new middle class Understand how the factory system and mines changed the way people worked Analyze the benefits and challenges of industrialization
Why does it matter now? The industry changes that began in Britain paved the way for modern industrial societies.
The Industrial Revolution is the increased output of machine-made goods that began in England during the late 1700’s.
HAND MACHINE
AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION: Enclosure Movement Crop Rotation Different kinds of soil Fertilizer from livestock Livestock selective breeding
As food supplies increased the population rose.
The rise in population caused a rise in the need of goods.
Why Britain? 1. High population of workers.
2. Natural Resources Coal Iron Ore Rivers Harbors
3. Economic Strength There were people with money to invest and a banking system.
4. Political Stability No wars on soil Laws passed for business National Pride Strong navy to protect trade
Britain had all factors of production or land, labor, and capital.
Textile Inventions: 1733-Flying Shuttle-Kay 1764-Spinning Jenny-Hargreaves 1769-Water Frame-Arkwright
1779-Spinning Mule-Crompton 1787-Power Loom-Cartwright 1793-Cotton Gin-Whitney
Spinning of thread and weaving used to take place on wheels and looms in peoples’ homes. This was known as the Putting-Out or Cottage System. With the creation of these machines, that system ended.
These machines were too big for a house so they had to be put in FACTORIES.
Transportation: 1765-Steam Engine-Watt 1807-Steam Boat-Fulton
More canals and human-made waterways MacAdam Roads Turnpikes
Railroads: 1804-Trevithick 1821-Stephenson 1830-Liverpool-Manchester RR
Boosted other industries Travel Positive Effects of RRs: Provided Jobs Boosted other industries Travel
Other Cool Inventions 1831-Reaper-McCormick 1837-Electrical Signals through telegraph-Morse 1851-Sewing Machine Foot Treadle-Singer 1876-Telephone-Bell
Industrial Revolution changed lives. Why does it matter now? Some countries in the world are just now going through industrialization.
The Good: Jobs Wealthy Nations Technological Progress More Goods Mass-Produced Clothing Time Saved, Efficiency
The Bad: Urbanization Class Tensions (new middle class) Monopolies Labor Unions: ex. Luddites Need for comfort from religion to curb riots: ex. Methodism and John Wesley Monopolies
The Ugly: Living Conditions Working Conditions