Chapter 2 Settling the Thirteen Colonies

1. What type of colony was under the king’s direct control? pp. 15-26a Pop Quiz 1. What type of colony was under the king’s direct control? 2. What group wanted to separate from the Church of England? A. Puritans B. Separatists

3. Who was governor of Plymouth colony during the 1st Thanksgiving? A. John Carver B. William Bradford C. Miles Standish D. Squanto

4. Who was the first governor of Massachusetts Bay colony? A. William Bradford B. John Carver C. John Winthrop 5. Which colony was founded by Roger Williams?

Reasons for English Colonization economic freedom political freedom Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Reasons for English Colonization economic freedom political freedom religious freedom adventure

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Financial Support joint-stock companies: companies in which the risks and rewards of a venture are shared with investors Virginia Company: one of the best known joint-stock companies

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Colony Organization charter colonies: founded by a charter containing the rules governing where the colony would be located and how it would be administered

proprietary colonies: given to individuals or groups by the king Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 proprietary colonies: given to individuals or groups by the king royal (crown) colonies: controlled directly by the crown

Physical Hardships ocean passage food and shelter Indians Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 16-19 Physical Hardships ocean passage food and shelter Indians

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 The New England colonies were settled by those seeking religious freedom.

Groups Opposing the Church of England Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Groups Opposing the Church of England Puritans: wanted to purify the Church of England Separatists: wanted to separate from the Church of England

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies

Plymouth Colony a group of Separatists Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Plymouth Colony a group of Separatists moved to Leiden, Holland for religious freedom later decided to move to the New World known today as the Pilgrims

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 financing English businessmen financed the Pilgrims’ venture in exchange for their profits.

challenges of the voyage Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 challenges of the voyage unseaworthy ship (Speedwell) storms landed hundreds of miles north of Virginia

Mayflower Compact Indians Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Mayflower Compact first document to provide for self-government in the New World Indians Samoset: the first to greet the English Squanto: befriended the Pilgrims and helped them survive

governor of Plymouth Colony Plymouth colony established in 1620. Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 William Bradford governor of Plymouth Colony Plymouth colony established in 1620.

Reasons for Plymouth’s Early Success Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Reasons for Plymouth’s Early Success learned from Jamestown’s experience used to hard work motivation

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 The Puritan attempt to reform the church from within had little success.

Establishment- charter colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Massachusetts Bay Establishment- charter colony “a city set upon a hill”: They desired their colony to be an example to the world. John Winthrop: first governor

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 “the Great Migration”: growth during the 1630s in which over 15,000 people came to the colony

government freeman: stockholders with full powers to govern the colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 government freeman: stockholders with full powers to govern the colony General Court: representative body believed in a strong relationship between church and state

founded by Roger Williams Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Rhode Island founded by Roger Williams exiled by Massachusetts Bay in 1635 became first colony to guarantee religious freedom

state should be separate Believed the Indians owned the land Roger Williams Believed church and state should be separate Believed the Indians owned the land Founded Providence, Rhode Island

founded by Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 Connecticut founded by Thomas Hooker Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, 1639: first written constitution in America

founded due to overcrowding in Massachusetts became a royal colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 19-26 New Hampshire founded due to overcrowding in Massachusetts became a royal colony

Maine- part of MA until 1820 when it became a state Maine and Vermont Maine- part of MA until 1820 when it became a state Vermont- under French influence, 1st new state to be added to the union

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 New England was settled primarily by the English, who shared a common heritage. Several of the middle colonies, however, were influenced first by other nations.

New Netherland (New York) Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 New Netherland (New York) Henry Hudson: explored modern day New York, allowing the Dutch to claim the region

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 mercantilism: an economic system that measures wealth by the amount of gold and silver a nation possesses Peter Minuit: governor of the colony responsible for buying Manhattan from the Indians

Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical governor of New Netherland Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 patroons: recipients of large land grants for bringing fifty settlers to the New World Peter Stuyvesant: tyrannical governor of New Netherland

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 Duke of York: given New Netherland by the English monarch (based on John Cabot’s earlier claim)

promised cheap land, full religious liberty, and self-government Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 New Jersey given to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkeley by the Duke of York promised cheap land, full religious liberty, and self-government

Given in payment of a debt to W. Penn, Sr. William Penn: founder Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 Pennsylvania Given in payment of a debt to W. Penn, Sr. William Penn: founder (Penn’s woodland) Quakers beliefs: pacifists, human equality, “inner light”

purpose of the colony: a religious haven for Quakers Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 purpose of the colony: a religious haven for Quakers Philadelphia (“city of brotherly love”): capital Pennsylvania Dutch- Germans

at one time part of Penn’s holdings (granted by the Duke of York) Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 26-29 Delaware at one time part of Penn’s holdings (granted by the Duke of York) New Sweden: originally settled by the Swedes

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 The five southern colonies developed differently from the middle colonies and New England. They had warmer climates, single-crop economies, and slave labor systems.

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies

tobacco: Virginia’s leading crop became a royal colony Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Virginia tobacco: Virginia’s leading crop became a royal colony Williamsburg- leading center of gov. and culture among the southern colonies (after the burning of Jamestown)

Settled by both Protestants and Catholics Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Maryland Cecilius Calvert (Lord Baltimore): founded the colony as a haven for Roman Catholics Settled by both Protestants and Catholics

Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Act of Toleration: guaranteed religious freedom to all who believed in the Trinity first written law guaranteeing religious freedom in the colonies

Charles II: rewarded his loyal followers with a New World territory Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 The Carolinas Charles II: rewarded his loyal followers with a New World territory 1712: divided into north and south

cash crops North Carolina: tobacco Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 cash crops North Carolina: tobacco South Carolina: rice and indigo (made blue dye)

founded by James Oglethorpe purpose Chapter 2 – Settling the Thirteen Colonies pp. 30-32 Georgia founded by James Oglethorpe purpose debtor colony buffer zone with Spanish Florida