How to Describe 802.11ax Functional Requirements May 2013 doc.: IEEE 802.11-12/xxxxr0 May 2014 How to Describe 802.11ax Functional Requirements Date: 2014-05-12 Authors: Name Affiliations Address Phone email Minho Cheong NEWRACOM 193 Moonjiro, Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon, Korea +82-70-4888-2824 minho.cheong@newracom.com Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM Osama Aboul-Magd (Huawei Technologies)

May 2014 Abstract This presentation gives set of issues on how to describe 802.11ax functional requirements based on the PAR document we agreed Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

PAR What it is When to do What it has Characteristics May 2014 Specify the scope & purpose of the task group activity When to do As an outcome of the study group to prepare the task group activity itself What it has Scope of proposed project Purpose of proposed project Additional explanatory notes Characteristics Sometimes, it admits relative numbers or qualitative description It can have some more contents in its explanatory notes if they are helpful for guidance Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

Functional Requirements May 2014 Functional Requirements What it is Specify the basic core of mandatory features (derived from PAR) When to do As an outcome of the earlier stage of the task group to prepare draft description (or spec. framework document) What it has Requirements for system performance Requirements for user experience Requirements for backward compatibility & coexistence Compliance to PAR Characteristics Should be quantitative with absolute numbers Having more detail compared to the PAR Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

Relation between PAR & FR (802.11n) May 2014 Relation between PAR & FR (802.11n) Requirements PAR (gray: explanatory notes) FR Note Max. per-user throughput > 100Mbps at MAC SAP > 4 times compared to before Max. per-user throughput using 20MHz channel More strict requirement than the above Band 5GHz (as well as 2.4GHz) Backward compatibility 11g/11a Interoperability 11g/11a (11n AP can control) QoS 11e support Peak spectral efficiency > 3bps/Hz PHY rate Single SS mode (peak rate) > 50Mbps at MAC SAP To allow SISO mode (interoperability) support Compliance to PAR Needless to say YES Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

Relation between PAR & FR (802.11ah) May 2014 Relation between PAR & FR (802.11ah) Requirements PAR (gray: explanatory notes) FR Note Band Below 1GHz excluding TVWS (enumerating some countries) Coexistence 802.15.4 & 802.15.4g Data rate > 100kbps >100kbps (PHY rate) To differentiate from 802.15.4g Coverage Up to 1km Up to 1km (under regulations) Btw. rate & coverage Shall optimize Shall support the above two requirements at the same time Maximum throughput of high data rate mode > 20Mbps (aggregated on multi-STAs at PHY SAP) To allow high data rate offloading mode Modulation OFDM Number of associations > 2007 (for outdoor) To cover sensors User experience Maintain 802.11 user experience Power saving Shall support enhanced one Compliance to PAR Needless to say YES Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

Relation between PAR & FR (802.11ac) May 2014 Relation between PAR & FR (802.11ac) Requirements PAR (gray: explanatory notes) FR Note Maximum multi-STA throughput > 1Gbps at MAC SAP (utilizing no more than 80MHz) Set minimum BW Maximum single-link throughput > 500Mbps at MAC SAP Throughput (general) Enhancement over 802.11n Needless to say Band < 6GHz excluding 2.4GHz 5GHz band Backward compatibility Legacy 802.11 in 5GHz band 802.11a/11n in 5GHz band Coexistence Example of technology Multiple simultaneous comm. Hint on MU-MIMO Example of scenario BSS (1 AP & 3 or more STAs) At least 3 STA’s Range of operation Difficult to achieve Aggregate network capacity (spectrum efficiency) Difficult to quantify Power consumption (peak & average) Compliance to PAR YES Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

Observations from History May 2014 Observations from History PAR Try to give a number on the most important metric (if possible) Admit relative numbers or qualitative description (if inevitable) Try some technical examples with very comprehensive expressions (if needed in the explanatory notes) Functional Requirements Strongly prefer numbers (especially, absolute numbers) Numbers shall be easily measurable in reality Shall not give any ambiguity when being read Try to specify the coupled relation (if exists between key metrics) Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

802.11ax (HEW) PAR May 2014 5.2.b. Scope of the project:   This amendment defines standardized modifications to both the IEEE 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control layer (MAC) that enable at least one mode of operation capable of supporting at least four times improvement in the average throughput per station (measured at the MAC data service access point) in a dense deployment scenario, while maintaining or improving the power efficiency per station. This amendment defines operations in frequency bands between 1 GHz and 6 GHz. The new amendment shall enable backward compatibility and coexistence with legacy IEEE 802.11 devices operating in the same band. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

802.11ax (HEW) PAR 5.5 Need for the Project: ~ellipsis~ May 2014 802.11ax (HEW) PAR 5.5 Need for the Project: ~ellipsis~ Unlike previous amendments where the focus was on improving aggregate throughput, this amendment focuses on improving metrics that reflect user experience, such as average per station throughput, the 5th percentile of per station throughput of a group of stations, and area throughput. Improvements will be made to support environments such as wireless corporate office, outdoor hotspot, dense residential apartments, and stadiums. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

May 2014 802.11ax (HEW) PAR 8.1 Additional Explanatory Notes (Item Number and Explanation): The focus of this amendment is on WLAN indoor and outdoor operation in the 2.4 GHz and the 5 GHz frequency bands. Additional bands between 1 GHz and 6 GHz may be added as they become available. The increase in average throughput per station is not limited to four times improvement. Improvement values in the range of 5-10 times are targeted, depending on technology and scenario. Outdoor operation is limited to stationary and pedestrian speeds. Average throughput per station is directly proportional to both aggregate basic service set (BSS) throughput and area throughput. The 5th percentile measure of the per station throughput may be used to determine that the desired distribution of throughput among a number of stations in an area is satisfied. These metrics, along with the satisfaction of the packet delay and the packet error ratio (PER) requirements of applications, will directly correspond to user experience in identified scenarios. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

May 2014 802.11ax (HEW) PAR Since the values of the metrics of interest will depend on the scenario, the focus will be on the relative improvement of these metrics compared to previous IEEE 802.11 amendments (IEEE 802.11n in 2.4 GHz and IEEE 802.11ac in 5 GHz). The amendment will be evaluated with a set of typical deployment scenarios representative of the main expected usage models that are likely to suffer bottlenecks in the coming years: residential, enterprise, indoor and outdoor hotspots. HEW SG has initiated the creation of a high-level simulation scenario working document (ref: 11-13/1001r5) to model these scenarios. The simulation scenarios may include system characteristics extracted from measured IEEE 802.11 operations in the field. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

May 2014 802.11ax (HEW) PAR These scenarios highlight three categories of objectives to improve WLAN efficiency: Make more efficient use of spectrum resources in scenarios with a high density of STAs per BSS. Significantly increase spectral frequency reuse and manage interference between neighboring overlapping BSS (OBSS) in scenarios with a high density of both STAs and BSSs. Increase robustness in outdoor propagation environments and uplink transmissions.   This project may include the capability to handle multiple simultaneous communications in both the spatial and frequency domains, in both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) direction. Power efficiency is intended to measure consumption of devices which can reasonably be assumed to be powered by batteries and will take into account average power consumption for a given scenario Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

Relation between PAR & FR (802.11ax) May 2014 Requirements PAR (gray: explanatory notes) FR issues now Note Per-STA throughput More than 4 times (Average per-STA throughput) (Up to 10 times to be tried) Qualitative or Quantitative? (just keeping X times?) FR may need a detailed representative scenarios Area throughput Not defined. Just mentioned as one of metrics which impact on user experience (Can be derived from 5th % per-STA throughput) Seems duplicative to define in detail User experience Just lists up several metrics which impact on user experience Average per-STA throughput, 5th % per-STA throughput, area throughput, Packet delay, PER (just keeping listing of related metrics?) Band 1~6GHz (specially 2.4GHz and 5GHz) Backward compatibility Legacy devices in 2.4 & 5GHz (allows no exceptions) Coexistence Example of problems 3 main problems re-mentioned here NONE Example of technology Multiple simultaneous comm. in several dimensions Example of scenario 802.11ax sim. Scenario doc. introduced 802.11ax sim. Scenario doc. Introduced (picking representative scenarios?) Range of operation Outdoor hotspot included (outdoor limited to pedestrian or stationary) (range up to X meters?) Power efficiency Maintaining or preserving (more than 100 %) (Average power consumption to be considered) Compliance to PAR Needless to say YES Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

Stages to Go from PAR to FR May 2014 Stages to Go from PAR to FR Until now Stage 0: We have the (qualitative) PAR just based on our intuition Because we didn’t want any delay due to hard work in the SG phase Current issue Do we still allow simple qualitative FR (just copy of PAR) to prevent hard work for check in the earlier stage of TG? Or Does FR need to be more quantitative with absolute numbers (e.g., minimum or maximum limitation) Stage 1: Less simplified simulation check to get absolute numbers Use a set of simulation scenarios defined in the official doc. (Try to get consensus on just initial set of HEW technology for trial) Check simulation results with that technology & get absolute numbers Stage 2: Functional Requirements doc. with absolute numbers Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

May 2014 References 11-13-1411-00-0hew-from-PAR-to-functional-requirements-of-HEW 11-14-0165-01-0hew-802-11-hew-sg-proposed-par 11-14-0169-01-0hew-ieee-802-11-hew-sg-proposed-csd Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

May 2014 Appendix Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11n (PAR) May 2014 12. Scope of Proposed Project: The scope of this project is to define an amendment that shall define standardized modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) so that modes of operation can be enabled that are capable of much higher throughputs, with a maximum throughput of at least 100Mbps, as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP).  13. Purpose of Proposed Project:  The purpose of the project is to improve the 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN) user experience by providing significantly higher throughput for current applications and to enable new applications and market segments.  Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11n (PAR) May 2014 Additional Explanatory Notes: The scope of the MAC and PHY enhancements assume a baseline specification defined by 802.11 and its amendments and anticipated amendments a, b, d, e, g, h, i and j. The enhancements shall be to support higher throughput. The amendment shall not redefine mechanisms in the baseline that do not pertain to higher throughput. Some of the modes of operation defined in the HT amendment shall be backwards compatible and interoperable with 802.11a and/or 802.11g. Existing 802.11 standards are typically designated by their peak physical data rates. For example, 802.11a has a peak data rate of 54Mbps. This amendment has chosen to use a performance metric of throughput measured at the MAC data SAP. This amendment seeks to improve the peak throughput to at least 100Mbps, measured at the MAC data SAP. Depending on the scenario, this represents an improvement of at least 4 times the throughput obtainable using existing 802.11 systems. In order to make efficient use of scarce spectral resources in unlicensed bands, the highest throughput mode defined by the HT amendment shall achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bits per second per Hertz for the PSDU. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11n (PAR) May 2014 Additional Explanatory Notes: In the process of formulating this PAR, it was found that there are multiple user scenarios. Accordingly, the task group will undertake the following steps: 1. Identify and define usage models, channel models and related MAC and application assumptions. Initial usage models envisioned include hot-spot, enterprise and residential; others may be included. 2. Identify and define evaluation metrics that characterize the important aspects of a particular usage model. The evaluation metrics may include but are not limited to the items listed in Table 1, provided as an illustration of the format. 3. Develop a technical requirement specification. 4. Define a process for evaluations. The impact of an HT device on the operation of a legacy network shall be comparable to that of any other legacy device identified in the baseline defined above. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11n (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11n (Functional Requirements) Number Name Requirement 1 Single Link HT rate supported Demonstrate at least one set of conditions under which 100 Mbps at the top of the MAC SAP can be achieved. Provide all relevant information to document this.   2 HT rate supported in 20MHz channel Proposal supports at least one mode of operation that supports 100Mbps throughput at the top of the MAC SAP in a 20MHz channel. Provide all relevant information to document this. 3 Supports 5GHz bands Protocol supports 5GHz bands (including those supported by .11a) 4 .11a backwards compatibility Some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal shall be backwards compatible with 802.11a. 5 .11g backwards compatibility If it supports 2.4 GHz operation, some of the modes of operation defined in the proposal shall be backwards compatible with 802.11g. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11n (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11n (Functional Requirements) Number Name Requirement 6 Control of support for legacy STA from .11n AP A .11n AP can be configured to reject or accept associations from legacy STA because they are legacy STA.   7 .11e QoS support The proposal shall permit implementation of the 802.11e amendment within a .11n STA 8 Spectral Efficiency The highest throughput mode of the proposal shall achieve a spectral efficiency of at least 3 bps/Hz for the PSDU 9 Compliance to PAR The proposal complies with all the mandatory requirements of the PAR [5] and 5 Criteria [6] 10 Existence of single spatial stream transmission modes Proposal shall define single spatial stream transmission modes that provide at least one mode of operation that supports a maximum throughput of at least 50 Mbps in a 20MHz channel as measured at the MAC data SAP. 11 Interoperability with single spatial stream non AP stations A .11n AP or STA shall interoperate with a single spatial stream entity defined as a non-AP STA that complies with the .11n proposal with the exception of only supporting single spatial stream transmission modes as required by FR10. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ah (PAR) May 2014 5.2 Scope of Proposed Standard: This amendment defines an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Physical layer (PHY) operating in the license-exempt bands below 1 GHz, e.g., 868-868.6 MHz (Europe), 950 MHz -958 MHz (Japan), 314-316 MHz, 430-434 MHz, 470-510 MHz, and 779-787 MHz (China), 917 – 923.5 MHz (Korea) and 902-928 MHz (USA), and enhancements to the IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC) to support this PHY, and provides mechanisms that enable coexistence with other systems in the bands including IEEE 802.15.4 and IEEE P802.15.4g. The data rates defined in this amendment optimize the rate vs. range performance of the specific channelization in a given band. This amendment also adds support for: transmission range up to 1 km data rates > 100 kbit/s while maintaining the 802.11 WLAN user experience for fixed, outdoor, point to multi point applications. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ah (PAR) 5.4 Purpose of Proposed Standard: May 2014 The purpose of this amendment defines operation of license-exempt 802.11 wireless networks in frequency bands below 1 GHz excluding the TV White Space bands. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

May 2014 e.g., 802.11ah (PAR) 8.1 Additional Explanatory Notes: (Item Number and Explanation) None Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ah (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11ah (Functional Requirements) 2.1 System Performance 2.1.1 Supporting band TGah R1 – The TGah amendment shall describe operation in the license-exempt band below 1 GHz excluding the TV White Space bands. Example operating bands could include one or more of the following: 863-868.6 MHz (Europe), 915.9 -928.1 MHz (Japan), 755-787 MHz (China), 917- 923.5 MHz (Korea), 866-869 MHz, 920-925 MHz (Singapore) and 902-928 MHz (U.S.). 2.1.2 Coverage and data rate TGah R2 – The TGah amendment shall support mode of operation in which PHY data rate at least 100 Kbps is provided with coverage of 1km under regulatory constraints. TGah R3 – The TGah amendment shall provide at least a mode of operation capable of achieving a maximum aggregate Multi-Station data rate of 20Mbps as measured at the PHY data service access point (SAP) in S1G band. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ah (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11ah (Functional Requirements) 2.1.3 OFDM PHY modulation TGah R4 – The TGah amendment shall use an Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) PHY modulation. 2.1.4 Number of associations TGah R5 – The TGah amendment shall support a mode of operation that supports the number of associations beyond 2007 for outdoor applications. 2.2 Mainintaining the 802.11 User Experience TGah R6 – The TGah amendment shall maintain the network architecture of the 802.11 system for fixed, outdoor, point-to-multi-point applications and support compability to 802.11 management plane defined in the existing 802.11 standard and its amendments. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ah (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11ah (Functional Requirements) 2.3 Coexistence with 802.15.4 and 802.15.4g devices TGah R7 – The TGah amendment shall provide a mechanism to enable coexistence with other systems in the bands including 802.15.4 and 802.15.4g. 2.4 Enhanced Power Saving TGah R8 – The TGah amendment shall provide an enhanced power saving mechanism to support battery-powered operation with long replacement cycle. 2.5 Compliance to PAR TGah R9 - The proposal complies with the PAR and 5 Criteria. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ac (PAR) 5.2 Scope of Proposed Standard: May 2014 This amendment defines standardized modifications to both the 802.11 physical layers (PHY) and the 802.11 Medium Access Control Layer (MAC) that enable modes of operation capable of supporting: A maximum multi-station (STA) throughput (measured at the MAC data service access point), of at least 1 Gbps and a maximum single link throughput (measured at the MAC data service access point), of at least 500 Mbps. Below 6 GHz carrier frequency operation excluding 2.4 GHz operation while ensuring backward compatibility and coexistence with legacy IEEE802.11 devices in the 5 GHz unlicensed band. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ac (PAR) 5.4 Purpose of Proposed Standard: May 2014 The purpose of the amendment is to improve the 802.11 wireless local area network (LAN) user experience by providing significantly higher basic service set (BSS) throughput for existing WLAN application areas and to enable new market segments for operation below 6 GHz including distribution of multiple multimedia/data streams. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

May 2014 e.g., 802.11ac (PAR) 8.1 Additional Explanatory Notes: (Item Number and Explanation) 5.2) The project may include the capability to handle multiple simultaneous communications. • The multi-STA throughput is defined as the sum of the MAC SAP throughputs across all active transmissions within a set of STAs. • The 1 Gbps maximum multi-STA throughput may be achieved when considering multiple simultaneously actively-communicating STAs, e.g., a BSS with 1 access point (AP) and 3 or more STAs. • Though the primary metric used in the scope of the project deals with MAC SAP throughput, the intent is to provide enhancements over IEEE802.11n on the following inter-dependent performance indicators: throughput at the MAC data SAP, range of operation, aggregate network capacity (spectrum efficiency), power consumption (peak and average). 1.1) This is an amendment to the then current revision of the IEEE standard 802.11 Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ac (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11ac (Functional Requirements) 2.1 System Performance 2.1.1 Multi-STA throughput measured at the MAC SAP to be at least 1 Gbps. TGac R1 – The TGac amendment shall provide at least a mode of operation capable of achieving a maximum Multi-Station aggregate throughput of more than 1 Gbps as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP), utilizing no more than 80 MHz of channel bandwidth in 5 GHz band. 2.1.2 Single-STA throughput measured at the MAC SAP to be at least 500 Mbps. TGac R2 – The TGac amendment shall provide at least a mode of operation capable of achieving a maximum Single-Station throughput of more than 500 Mbps as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP), utilizing no more than 80 MHz of channel bandwidth in 5GHz band. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ac (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11ac (Functional Requirements) 2.2 Backward Compatibility with 802.11a/n devices operating in 5 GHz Refer to the IEEE Std. 802.15.2-2003, section 3.1 for the definitions of backward compatible. TGac R3- The TGac admendment shall provide backward compatibility with IEEE802.11a devices operating in the 5 GHz frequency band. TGac R4- The TGac admendment shall provide backward compatibility with IEEE802.11n devices operating in the 5 GHz frequency band. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM

e.g., 802.11ac (Functional Requirements) May 2014 e.g., 802.11ac (Functional Requirements) 2.3 Coexistence with 802.11a/n devices operating in 5 GHz Refer to the IEEE Std. 802.15.2-2003, section 3.1 for the definitions of coexistence. TGac R5 – The TGac amendment shall provide mechanisms that ensure coexistence between TGac and legacy IEEE802.11a/n devices. 2.4 Compliance to PAR TGac R6 - The proposal complies with the PAR and 5 Criteria. Minho Cheong, NEWRACOM